Yvnow lejandrvw tw par' ato
gegenhmnhw kdsevw ew t prton
tw suntjevw Ptolemaou pmnhma.
Per tw tjevw tn yevrhmtvn.
Boletai n tot t kefala tn parymhsin poisasyai tn
feilntvn kaylou ka kat mrow rxoeidw prolhmfynai ew tn
tw stronomikw suntjevw yevran, ka dhlsai ti klouyon poie
ka tn tjin tw te totvn didaskalaw, ka ti tw tn strvn kin-
sevw, t prw t fainmena sumfvn&, pe ka ath lh tw prokei-
mnhw yevraw. ka fhsin prohgesyai tn kat mrow tw toiathw sun-
tjevw "t tn kaylou sxsin den lhw tw gw prw lon tn orann".
tw d stin kaylou toiath sxsiw, pron atw didskei lgvn:
"t mn on kaylou toioton n eh prolaben, ti te sfairoeidw stin
" oranw ka fretai sfairoeidw, ka ti g t mn sxmati ka
"at sfairoeidw stin prw asyhsin w kay' la mrh lambanomnh",
toutstin toi smpasa, kat megla mrh, oon kay' kaston klma
met te tn rn ka tn n at koilvmtvn, w totvn laxstvn
tugxanntvn prw t lon tw gw mgeyow, ka t erhmna mrh, ti
te ka met tn yalattn ka tn potamn. deknumen gr n tow jw
ti ka pifneia tw yaltthw ka pantw datow remontow sfairo-
eidw prxei. "t d ysei msh to pantw orano ketai kntr para-
"plhsvs", shmeou lgon pxousa, w prw t mxri tw tn pla-
nn strvn sfaraw psthma (o gr ti megyhw stn kayper sh-
meon) ka ti od knhsn tina poietai, ll' sthken msh to pantw
knhtow tugxnousa.
Ka tata dhlsaw enai t kaylou rxoeidw w k cilw pomn-
sevw ka ploustrvn parathrsevn felonta prolhmfynai, jw ka
per tn kat mrow tn dilhcin poietai, ka fhsin ti klouyn stin,
ka p totvn prolaben mw "per tw ysevw to lojo" ka
[2] di
msvn tn zdvn kklou, kay' o liow e fretai, toutsti phlkh
tiw osa prw tn shmerinn gklisiw ato katalambnetai p to
di tn plvn ato grafomnou megstou kklou. ka gr k tw toia-
thw gklsevw o xrnoi tn mern ka nuktn kay' ksthn gklisin
tw sfaraw diforoi katalambnontai, w n t deutr bibl dek-
nusin.
"Eti te ka per tn tpvn tw kay' mw okoumnhs", toutstin
poon mrow stn tw gw t okomenon ka ew gnsin mn lhluyw,
pteron t prw rktouw t prw meshmbran, ka tw plin totou
phlikthw kat te mkow ka pltow (od gr per tn gnstvn
prkeitai at dialaben) ka phlkai tn kat tw okseiw megstvn
laxstvn mern par tw shmerinw a peroxa par tw gklseiw
tn rizntvn ginmenai, k tn boreiotrvn ka notivtrvn atn
ysevn. dlon gr w k totvn a toiatai gnontai diafora, kayper
Yeodsiow n t Per oksevn deknusin, ti "t plan stra sa
"stn metaj to te shmerino ka to megstou tn e fanern pleona
"xrnon pr tn rzonta fretai tow prw rkton okosin tow prw
"meshmbran, sa d stin metaj to te shmerino ka to megstou tn
"e fann pleona xrnon pr tn rzonta fretai tow prw meshm-
"bran okosin tow prw rktouw." di sumbanei to mn lou p
to yerino tropiko tugxnontow mezonaw gnesyai tw megstaw mraw
p tn boreiotrvn oksevn lssonaw d tw p tn notivtrvn,
to d lou p to xeimerino tropiko tugxnontow npalin mezouw
mn gnesyai tw laxstaw tn mern p tn notivtrvn oksevn
lttouw d p tn boreiotrvn. gnontai d ka par tw natolikvtraw
tn rizntvn yseiw diafora, t kat tn atn xrnon pleon enai
t plyow tn rn pr tn dutikvtrvn tn natolikvtrvn. ti d
ka per te tw naforw ka tow riaouw xrnouw ka per lla ple-
ona ggnontai diafora par tw yseiw tn rizntvn, w n tow jw
fanern poietai.
Eta boulmenow t xrsimon tw totvn prodialmcevw didjai,
fhsn: "prolambanomnh gr totvn yevra tn tn loipn pske-
"cin eodvtran parxei."
Ejw d totvn tn per tn strvn pskecin mllvn poiesyai,
nagkaon erskei proekysyai "per tw liakw ka selhniakw kin-
"sevw ka tn tataiw pisumbainntvn". tata d sti t per tow
pokatastatikow xrnouw atn ka tw nvmalaw ka mkouw poxw,
malw te ka kribew, ti te ka pltouw, ka posthmtvn ka me-
geyn, ka paralljevn, ka sundvn, ka panselnvn, ka klecevn
ka prosnesevn, ka sa lla n t trt ka tetrt ka pmpt ka
kt bibl dialambnei.
"Xvrw gr, fhsn, tw totvn prodialmcevw, od t per tow
"stras" lgv d planew te ka planvmnouw "on t' n gnoito diejo-
"diks" toutstin ntelsteron ka safsteron katalhmfynai. teleu-
taou d ntow tn per tn lion ka tn selnhn podeiknumnvn ka
tn per tn strvn w famen yevran poisasyai, protttei d ka
ntaya tw per tn planvmnvn dialmcevw tn per tn plann
pskecin, jw d tathw tn per tn e planvmnvn.
Oti d koloy tjei toiath parymhsiw at gegnhtai, dlon
mn otvw stai: prton mn gr p tn kayolikvtrvn tn rxn
pepohtai orano ka gw, ka prton per orano. ey' jw per
tw ysevw tn totou mern, lgv d to te zdiako ka tw kay'
mw okoumnhw. eta plin tn merikvtrvn tw gw tpvn, toutstin
tn kay' kaston rzonta par tw gklseiw ginomnvn diaforn. ka
tata dhlsaw enai t felonta prolhmfynai prw emetaxeriston
pskecin tn loipn tw stronomikw yevraw, jw ka tn ti meri-
kvtrvn tn parymhsin pepohtai, lou ka selnhw ka tn loipn
strvn plann te ka planvmnvn. ti d ka tn totvn tjin k-
louyon pepohtai t prw t fainmena sumfvn&, fanern mn gen-
setai n tow okeoiw tpoiw k tn per tw katalmceiw atn deik-
numnvn. t mn gr per tw kinseiw tn plann te ka planvmnvn
k tn per tn lion ka tn selnhn katalambnetai: di prolambnei
tn per totvn pragmatean. peita atn totvn prolambnei tn
per to lou: k gr tn totou katalmcevn t per tn selnhn
katalambnetai. ti d protttei tn per tn plann pragmatean
tw tn planvmnvn, peidper pollkiw to planow pox xrsimow
at prw tn katlhcin to plnhtow gnetai, w n t nt bibl
fanern poietai, yen prosyhken ka t ektvw protttesyai t per
tw tn plann sfaraw tw per tn planvmnvn pragmateaw. di
ka teleutaan tn totvn dejin pepohtai.
Eklesen d planvmnouw mn tow e mnouw totouw straw, lgv
d tn te to Krnou ka to Diw ka Arevw ka Afrodthw ka Ermo,
di t mnouw totouw rsyai p mn sttaw prw asyhsin p d p
t pmena p d p t prohgomena, toutstin p t mprosyen ka
pisyen, ka ti p t plgia w p tn kat pltow postsevn tw
pardouw poioumnouw, ka oiknai tow kat tw tridouw planvmnoiw.
[2]
tow d loipow straw pntaw klesen planew, di t t diastmata
ka tow sxhmatismow atow fulttontaw prw lllouw oiknai
tow m p' lllvn planvmnoiw. lion d ka selnhn ote planew
kale, di t m fulttein atow mte t prw lllouw diastmata
mte t prw tow straw mte mn dhlad tow sxhmatismow, ote
d planvmnouw di t mte sthrzontaw atow fanesyai mte po-
strfontaw.
Ekasta d t proeirhmna podeknusin rxaw mn ka sper
l tw stronomikw yevraw prosxrmenow tow di tw tn rg-
nvn parathrsevw katalambanomnoiw per tw kinseiw sumbebh-
ktvn, ti d ka taw par tn palain nagegrammnaiw kribsi
thrsesin, ka mlista taw p to Ipprxou, ka ataw plin di'
rgnvn katalhmfyesaiw, n tw te kataskeuw ka tw yseiw ti te
ka tw xrseiw n tow jw kat tow okeouw tpouw ktyetai. ka tw
di totvn eyw poyseiw farmzvn tw fejw tn katalmcevn poie-
tai di tn n taw grammikaw dejesin fdvn.
Eta pe pnv legen tw prokeimnhw suntjevw prohgesyai t
tn kaylou sxsin den lhw tw gw prw lon tn orann, nn w
famen re tw stin erhmnh at kaylou sxsiw ka fhsin: "t mn
"on kaylou toioton n eh prolaben, ti te sfairoeidw stin oranw
"ka fretai sfairoeidw ka ti g t mn sxmati ka at sfairoei-
"dw stin prw asyhsin w kay' la mrh lambanomnh", kayper pnv
dhlomen, met te tn yalattn ka tn rn, w ka totvn laxstaw
poiontvn panastseiw prw t lon tw gw mgeyow ka t erhmna
mrh, kayper n n sfar& j lhw tinw kataskeuasyes podiaan
xos dimetron cmmion prospag, lxistn ti toioton kolvma
n at gnhtai, ok dh ka t sfairoeidw sxma w prw tn asyhsin
llovsen, otvw ka p tw gw w prw tn sgkrisin to megyouw
atw t te rh ka t n at koilmata lxista tugxnonta nal-
lovton atw w prw tn asyhsin t sfairoeidw sxma sunthrosin.
ka p' atn d tn megeyn tw gw ka to megstou rouw tn toia-
thn jtasin poiomenoi, t at toto podejomen jw, n t per
totou kefala. di ka sfairoeid atn potyetai, k tn per a-
tn fainomnvn nargn toiathw atw katalambanomnhw.
Eti d ka t ysei mshn to pantw orano, ka t megyei shmeou
lgon xousan, ox' w megyouw atw parxoshw, ll' w prw tn
sgkrisin w famen to permegyouw p' atw postmatow p tn
tn oranvn sfaran. kayw ka Ekledhw n tow Optikow fhsin ti
kaston tn rvmnvn xei t disthma o genomnou okti fysetai.
n on pinosvmen p thlikotou diastmatow rn tina t tw gw
mgeyow, di tn perboln to postmatow lxiston yevrhysetai
ka fejetai tn asyhsin. di ka erhken w prw t psthma. ti
te ka toto n eh tn w n rx lgou feilntvn prolhmfynai, t
knhton atn mnein kay' n erkamen trpon, mhd' ntinon knhsin
poioumnhn. ka pe w rxw t toiata paralambnei, tn d rxn
ok stin podejeiw poisasyai, fhsn: "per totvn d kstou tw
"pomnsevw braxa dieleusmeya", tw pomnsevw epn ka ox
tw podejevw. di ka paktik ka ok podeiktik kxrhtai lg.
dialambnei d per totvn p koinn nnoin ka ciln tinvn parathr-
sevn, ox w podejevw w famen tn rxn poiomenow, ll po-
mimnskvn ti atai a lambanmenai at rxa ox tuxntvw ka
noikevw lambnontai, ll' w ti mlista rmozntvw t prw t fai-
nmena sumfvn&: otvw gr trpow rmttei tow per rxn lgoiw.