lhyw
1,59
m prxei tin z, ka zon ox prxei tin nyrp).
Prton mn on stv sterhtik kaylou A B prtasiw.
e on mhden t B t A prxei, od t A oden prjei
t B: e gr tini, oon t G, ok lhyw stai t mhden t
B t A prxein: t gr G tn B t stin. e d pant t
A t B, ka t B tin t A prjei: e gr mhden, od
t A oden t B prjei: ll' pkeito pant prxein.
2,352
m: e gr pant t P t S prxei, t d R tin t S,
ka t P tin t R prjei: pkeito d mhden prxein.
ll' sper n tow prteron lhpton: diorstou gr ntow to
tin m prxein ka t mhden prxon lhyw epen tin m
prxein: mhden d prxontow ok n sullogismw. fanern
on ti ok stai sullogismw. n d' sterhtikw kaylou tn
rvn, tan mn mezvn sterhtikw d lttvn kathgori-
3,1019
ti d' odn kvlei t mn A t B ndxesyai mhden, t d
B tin tn A j ngkhw m prxein, oon t mn leukn
pant nyrp ndxetai m prxein (ka gr prxein),
nyrvpon d' ok lhyw epen w ndxetai mhden leuk:
pollow gr j ngkhw ox prxei, t d' nagkaon
ok n ndexmenon.
All mn od' k to duntou deixyse-
4,1024
ok n ndexmenon.
All mn od' k to duntou deixyse-
tai ntistrfon, oon e tiw jiseien, pe cedow t nd-
xesyai t B t A mhden prxein, lhyw t m ndxe-
syai mhden (fsiw gr ka pfasis), e d tot', lhyw
j ngkhw tin t A prxein: ste ka t A tin
t B: toto d' dnaton. o gr e m ndxetai mhden
5,1025
All mn od' k to duntou deixyse-
tai ntistrfon, oon e tiw jiseien, pe cedow t nd-
xesyai t B t A mhden prxein, lhyw t m ndxe-
syai mhden (fsiw gr ka pfasis), e d tot', lhyw
j ngkhw tin t A prxein: ste ka t A tin
t B: toto d' dnaton. o gr e m ndxetai mhden
t B t A, ngkh tin prxein. t gr m ndxesyai
6,1031
t B t A, ngkh tin prxein. t gr m ndxesyai
mhden dixw lgetai, t mn e j ngkhw tin prxei,
t d' e j ngkhw tin m prxei: t gr j ngkhw
tin tn A m prxon ok lhyw epen w pant ndxetai
m prxein, sper od t tin prxon j ngkhw ti
pant ndxetai prxein. e on tiw jioh, pe ok ndxe-
tai t G t D pant prxein, j ngkhw tin m prxein
7,1834
sxmata, tlow n xoi j rxw pryesiw. sumbse-
tai d' ma ka t prteron erhmna pibebaiosyai ka
fanertera enai ti otvw xei, di tn nn lexyhsom-
nvn: de gr pn t lhyw at aut mologomenon
enai pnt.
Prton mn on de peirsyai tw do protseiw k-
lambnein to sullogismo (=on gr ew t mezv die-
8,1890
kat to G: djeie gr n otvw xntvn tn rvn enai
sullogismw, o gnetai d' ot' nagkaon odn ote sullo-
gismw. stv gr f' A t e enai, f' d B dia-
nohtw Aristomnhw, t d' f' G Aristomnhw. lhyw d t
A t B prxein: e gr sti dianohtw Aristomnhw.
ll ka t B t G: gr Aristomnhw st dianohtw
Aristomnhw. t d' A t G ox prxei: fyartw gr
9,1899
prtasin. toto d cedow, t jion pnta tn dianohtn
Aristomnhn e enai, fyarto ntow Aristomnouw. plin
stv t mn f' G Mkkalow, t d' f' B mousikw
Mkkalow, f' d t A t fyeresyai arion. lhyw
d t B to G kathgoren: gr Mkkalw sti mousikw
Mkkalow. ll ka t A to B: fyeroito gr n a-
rion mousikw Mkkalow. t d ge A to G cedow. toto
10,1903
d t B to G kathgoren: gr Mkkalw sti mousikw
Mkkalow. ll ka t A to B: fyeroito gr n a-
rion mousikw Mkkalow. t d ge A to G cedow. toto
d tatn sti t prteron: o gr lhyw kaylou, Mk-
kalow mousikw ti fyeretai arion: totou d m lh-
fyntow ok n sullogismw.
Ath mn on pth gnetai n t par mikrn:
11,1911
tde pant prxein, sugxvromen. pollkiw d diace-
desyai sumpesetai par t m kalw ktyesyai tow
kat tn prtasin rouw, oon e t mn A eh geia, t
d' f' B nsow, f' d G nyrvpow. lhyw gr e-
pen ti t A oden t B ndxetai prxein (odemi
gr ns geia prxei), ka plin ti t B pant t
G prxei (pw gr nyrvpow dektikw nsou). djeien n
12,1919
xein. totou d' ation t m kalw kkesyai tow rouw
kat tn ljin, pe metalhfyntvn tn kat tw jeiw
ok stai sullogismw, oon nt mn tw gieaw e teyeh
t gianon, nt d tw nsou t noson. o gr lhyw
epen w ok ndxetai t nosonti t gianein prjai.
totou d m lhfyntow o gnetai sullogismw, e m to
ndxesyai: toto d' ok dnaton: ndxetai gr mhden
13,1952
kr o de lambnein w ae kathgorhyhsomnvn ll-
lvn movw t te prton to msou ka toto to sx-
tou. ka p to m prxein d' satvw. ll' saxw
t enai lgetai ka t lhyw epen at toto, tosau-
taxw oesyai xr shmanein ka t prxein. oon ti
tn nantvn sti ma pistmh. stv gr t A t man
enai pistmhn, t nanta llloiw f' o B. t d A
14,1957
tn nantvn sti ma pistmh. stv gr t A t man
enai pistmhn, t nanta llloiw f' o B. t d A
t B prxei ox ste t nanta [t] man enai [atn]
pistmhn, ll' ti lhyw epen kat' atn man enai
atn pistmhn.
Sumbanei d' t mn p to msou t prton l-
gesyai, t d mson p to trtou m lgesyai, oon e
15,2007
noito sullogismw ti tw dikaiosnhw stin pistmh ti
gayn, t ti gayn gayn prw t prt yeton.
stv gr t A pistmh ti gayn, f' d B gayn,
f' d G dikaiosnh. t d A lhyw to B kathgor-
sai: to gr gayo stin pistmh ti gayn. ll ka
t B to G: gr dikaiosnh per gayn. otv mn on g-
netai nlusiw. e d prw t B teyeh t ti gayn, ok
16,2011
sai: to gr gayo stin pistmh ti gayn. ll ka
t B to G: gr dikaiosnh per gayn. otv mn on g-
netai nlusiw. e d prw t B teyeh t ti gayn, ok
stai: t mn gr A kat to B lhyw stai, t d B
kat to G ok lhyw stai: t gr gayn ti gayn
kathgoren tw dikaiosnhw cedow ka o sunetn. movw d
ka e t gieinn deixyeh ti stin pisthtn gayn,
17,2012
t B to G: gr dikaiosnh per gayn. otv mn on g-
netai nlusiw. e d prw t B teyeh t ti gayn, ok
stai: t mn gr A kat to B lhyw stai, t d B
kat to G ok lhyw stai: t gr gayn ti gayn
kathgoren tw dikaiosnhw cedow ka o sunetn. movw d
ka e t gieinn deixyeh ti stin pisthtn gayn,
traglafow m n, nyrvpow fyartn
18,2049
pant t B prxei, ka t A pant prxei: odn gr
kvlei t B t G prxein, m pant d. oon stv t B
kaln, t d G leukn. e d leuk tin prxei kaln,
lhyw epen ti t leuk prxei kaln: ll' o pant
svw. e mn on t A t B prxei, m pant d kay' o
t B, ot' e pant t G t B, ot' e mnon prxei,
ngkh t A ox ti o pant, ll' od' prxein. e d
19,2232
ayn f' o D, p t A. pant d prjei t A t
B, ka oden t at: ka t G t D, ka oden
t at. ka t G, ngkh t B pant prxein (e
gr lhyw epen ti stn o leukn, ka ti ok sti leukn
lhyw: dnaton gr ma enai leukn ka enai m leu-
kn, enai jlon o leukn ka enai jlon leukn, st'
e m katfasiw, pfasiw prjei), t d B t G
20,2239
ok e ( gr lvw m jlon, od jlon stai o leukn).
npalin tonun, t A, t D pant ( gr t G t
D: pe d' ox on te ma enai m leukn ka leukn,
t D prjei: kat gr to ntow leuko lhyw epen
ti ok stin o leukn), kat d to D o pantw t A (kat
gr to lvw m ntow jlou ok lhyw t A epen, w
sti jlon leukn, ste t D lhyw, t d' A ok lh-
21,2241
D: pe d' ox on te ma enai m leukn ka leukn,
t D prjei: kat gr to ntow leuko lhyw epen
ti ok stin o leukn), kat d to D o pantw t A (kat
gr to lvw m ntow jlou ok lhyw t A epen, w
sti jlon leukn, ste t D lhyw, t d' A ok lh-
yw, ti jlon leukn). dlon d' ti ka t A G oden
t at ka t B ka t D ndxetai tin t at
22,2260
nei t stin o leukn ka ok sti leukn, ka t mn ka-
tfasiw t d' pfasiw, fanern w ox atw trpow
to deiknnai kteron, oon ti n zon ok sti leu-
kn ndxetai m enai leukn, ka ti lhyw epen m
leukn: toto gr stin enai m leukn. ll t mn
lhyw epen sti leukn ete m leukn atw trpow:
kataskeuastikw gr mfv di to prtou deknutai sx-
23,2262
to deiknnai kteron, oon ti n zon ok sti leu-
kn ndxetai m enai leukn, ka ti lhyw epen m
leukn: toto gr stin enai m leukn. ll t mn
lhyw epen sti leukn ete m leukn atw trpow:
kataskeuastikw gr mfv di to prtou deknutai sx-
matow: t gr lhyw t stin movw tttetai: to gr
lhyw epen leukn o t lhyw epen m leukn pfa-
24,2264
leukn: toto gr stin enai m leukn. ll t mn
lhyw epen sti leukn ete m leukn atw trpow:
kataskeuastikw gr mfv di to prtou deknutai sx-
matow: t gr lhyw t stin movw tttetai: to gr
lhyw epen leukn o t lhyw epen m leukn pfa-
siw, ll t m lhyw epen leukn. e d stai lhyw
epen n nyrvpow mousikn enai m mousikn enai,
25,2265
lhyw epen sti leukn ete m leukn atw trpow:
kataskeuastikw gr mfv di to prtou deknutai sx-
matow: t gr lhyw t stin movw tttetai: to gr
lhyw epen leukn o t lhyw epen m leukn pfa-
siw, ll t m lhyw epen leukn. e d stai lhyw
epen n nyrvpow mousikn enai m mousikn enai,
n zon lhpton enai mousikn enai m mousikn,
26,2265
lhyw epen sti leukn ete m leukn atw trpow:
kataskeuastikw gr mfv di to prtou deknutai sx-
matow: t gr lhyw t stin movw tttetai: to gr
lhyw epen leukn o t lhyw epen m leukn pfa-
siw, ll t m lhyw epen leukn. e d stai lhyw
epen n nyrvpow mousikn enai m mousikn enai,
n zon lhpton enai mousikn enai m mousikn,
27,2266
kataskeuastikw gr mfv di to prtou deknutai sx-
matow: t gr lhyw t stin movw tttetai: to gr
lhyw epen leukn o t lhyw epen m leukn pfa-
siw, ll t m lhyw epen leukn. e d stai lhyw
epen n nyrvpow mousikn enai m mousikn enai,
n zon lhpton enai mousikn enai m mousikn,
ka ddeiktai. t d m enai mousikn n nyrvpow, na-
28,2266
kataskeuastikw gr mfv di to prtou deknutai sx-
matow: t gr lhyw t stin movw tttetai: to gr
lhyw epen leukn o t lhyw epen m leukn pfa-
siw, ll t m lhyw epen leukn. e d stai lhyw
epen n nyrvpow mousikn enai m mousikn enai,
n zon lhpton enai mousikn enai m mousikn,
ka ddeiktai. t d m enai mousikn n nyrvpow, na-
29,2358
Esti mn on otvw xein st' lhyew enai tw pro-
tseiw di' n sullogismw, sti d' ste ceudew, sti d'
ste tn mn lhy tn d ceud. t d sumprasma
lhyw cedow j ngkhw. j lhyn mn on ok sti
cedow sullogsasyai, k ceudn d' stin lhyw, pln
o diti ll' ti: to gr diti ok stin k ceudn sullo-
gismw: di' n d' atan, n tow pomnoiw lexysetai.
30,2365
Prton mn on ti j lhyn ox on te cedow
sullogsasyai, nteyen dlon. e gr to A ntow ngkh
t B enai, to B m ntow ngkh t A m enai. e on
lhyw sti t A, ngkh t B lhyw enai, sumb-
setai t at ma ena te ka ok enai: toto d' dna-
ton. m ti d ketai t A ew row, polhfytv ndxe-
syai nw tinow ntow j ngkhw ti sumbanein: o gr
31,2377
gr prjei tat ka ox prjei. t on A sper n ke-
tai, do protseiw sullhfyesai. movw d ka p tn
sterhtikn xei: o gr stin j lhyn dejai cedow.
Ek ceudn d' lhyw sti sullogsasyai ka m-
fotrvn tn protsevn ceudn osn ka tw miw, ta-
thw d' ox potraw tuxen ll tw deutraw, nper
lhn lambn ceud: m lhw d lambanomnhw stin
32,2385
B mhden, mhd t B t G. ndxetai d toto, oon ly
oden zon, od lyow oden nyrp. n on lhfy t A
pant t B ka t B pant t G, t A pant t G
prjei, st' j mfon ceudn lhyw t sumpra-
sma: pw gr nyrvpow zon. satvw d ka t sterh-
tikn. sti gr t G mte t A prxein mhden mte t
B, t mntoi A t B pant, oon n tn atn rvn lh-
33,2392
fyntvn mson tey nyrvpow: ly gr ote zon ote
nyrvpow oden prxei, nyrp d pant zon. st' n
mn prxei, lb mhden prxein, d m prxei,
pant prxein, k ceudn mfon lhyw stai t sum-
prasma. movw d deixysetai ka n p ti ceudw
katra lhfy.
En d' tra tey ceudw, tw mn pr-
34,2402
mhden prxein. stv gr t A t B mhden prxon, t
d B t G pant. n d tn mn B G prtasin lbv
lhy, tn d t A B ceud lhn, ka pant prxein t
B t A, dnaton t sumprasma lhyw enai: oden gr
prxe tn G, eper t B, mhden t A, t d B pant
t G. movw d' od' e t A t B pant prxei ka t
B t G, lfyh d' mn t B G lhyw prtasiw,
35,2411
eper t B, pant t A, t d B pant t G. fanern
on ti tw prthw lhw lambanomnhw ceudow, n te ka-
tafatikw n te sterhtikw, tw d' traw lhyow, o gne-
tai lhyw t sumprasma.
M lhw d lambanomnhw
ceudow stai. e gr t A t mn G pant prxei t
d B tin, t d B pant t G, oon zon kkn mn pant
36,2429
xein, t mntoi B mhden t G, oon sa to ato gnouw
edh m p' llhla: t gr zon ka pp ka nyrp
prxei, ppow d' oden nyrp. n on lhfy t A
pant t B ka t B pant t G, lhyw stai t sum-
prasma, ceudow lhw oshw tw B G protsevw. movw
d ka sterhtikw oshw tw A B protsevw. ndxetai gr
t A mte t B mte t G mhden prxein, mhd t B
37,2436
mhden t G, oon tow j llou gnouw edesi t gnow:
t gr zon ote mousik ot' atrik prxei, od'
mousik atrik. lhfyntow on to mn A mhden t B,
to d B pant t G, lhyw stai t sumprasma. ka e
m lh ceudw B G ll' p ti, ka otvw stai t sum-
prasma lhyw. odn gr kvlei t A ka t B ka t
G l prxein, t mntoi B tin t G, oon t gnow t
38,2453
d' n lhyw.
Ep d tn n mrei sullogismn ndxetai ka tw
prthw protsevw lhw oshw ceudow tw d' traw lhyow
lhyw enai t sumprasma, ka p ti ceudow oshw tw
prthw tw d' traw lhyow, ka tw mn lhyow tw
d' n mrei ceudow, ka mfotrvn ceudn. odn gr kv-
lei t A t mn B mhden prxein t d G tin, ka
39,2468
prxei, leuk d tin ox petai, d' nyrvpow tin
leuk prxei, st' e msou teyntow to nyrpou lhfyeh
t A mhden t B prxein, t d B tin t G prxein,
lhyw stai t sumprasma ceudow oshw lhw tw A B
protsevw. ka e p ti ceudw A B prtasiw, stai t
sumprasma lhyw. odn gr kvlei t A ka t B ka
t G tin prxein, ka t B t G tin prxein, oon t
40,2479
oshw tw A B protsevw: o gr ato roi sontai ka
satvw kemenoi prw tn pdeijin.
Plin e mn A B
lhyw d B G ceudw, lhyw stai t sumprasma.
odn gr kvlei t A t mn B l prxein t d G
tin, ka t B t G mhden prxein, oon zon kkn
mn pant mlani d tin, kknow d oden mlani. st' e
41,2483
odn gr kvlei t A t mn B l prxein t d G
tin, ka t B t G mhden prxein, oon zon kkn
mn pant mlani d tin, kknow d oden mlani. st' e
lhfyeh pant t B t A ka t B tin t G, lhyw
stai t sumprasma ceudow ntow to B G. movw d ka
sterhtikw lambanomnhw tw A B protsevw. gxvre gr
t A t mn B mhden t d G tin m prxein, t
42,2500
mfv d sumbebhkta t at gnei: t gr zon tin
leuk ka tin mlani prxei, leukn d' oden mlani.
n on lhfy t A pant t B ka t B tin t G,
lhyw stai t sumprasma. ka sterhtikw d lambano-
mnhw tw A B satvw: o gr ato roi ka satvw
teysontai prw tn pdeijin. ka mfotrvn d ceudn
osn stai t sumprasma lhyw: gxvre gr t A t
43,2518
t G ox prjei. t mn on sumprasma lhyw, a d
protseiw ceudew.
En d t ms sxmati pntvw gxvre di ceu-
dn lhyw sullogsasyai, ka mfotrvn tn protsevn
lvn ceudn lambanomnvn ka p ti katraw, ka tw
mn lhyow tw d ceudow oshw [lhs] poterason ceudow ti-
yemnhw, [ka e mfterai p ti ceudew, ka e mn plw
44,2528
d G pant, oon zon ly mn oden pp d pant, n
nantvw teysin a protseiw ka lhfy t A t mn B
pant t d G mhden, k ceudn lvn tn protsevn
lhyw stai t sumprasma. movw d ka e t mn B
pant t d G mhden prxei t A: gr atw stai
sullogismw.
Plin e mn tra lh ceudw d' tra
45,2537
tow m p' llhla edesin. t gr zon ka pp pant
ka nyrp, ka odew nyrvpow ppow. n on lhfy
t mn pant t d mhden prxein, mn lh ceu-
dw stai d' lh lhyw, ka t sumprasma lhyw
prw poteron teyntow to sterhtiko. ka e tra p ti
ceudw, d' tra lh lhyw. gxvre gr t A t
mn B tin prxein t d G pant, t mntoi B mhden
46,2579
toi B tin t G m prxein, oon zon oden riym od'
cx, ka riymw tin cx ox petai. n on tey
t A t mn B mhden t d G tin, t mn sumprasma
stai lhyw ka kaylou prtasiw, d' n mrei
ceudw. ka katafatikw d tw kaylou tiyemnhw sa-
tvw. gxvre gr t A ka t B ka t G l prxein,
t mntoi B tin t G m pesyai, oon t gnow t edei
47,2678
tn tn rvn kyesin: movw d ka p tn sterhtikn.
Fanern on ti n mn t sumprasma cedow,
ngkh, j n lgow, ceud enai pnta nia, tan
d' lhyw, ok ngkh lhyw enai ote t ote pnta, ll'
sti mhdenw ntow lhyow tn n t sullogism t sum-
prasma movw enai lhyw: o mn j ngkhw. ation d'
ti tan do x otv prw llhla ste yatrou ntow j
48,3000
t G, n potey t A m pant mhden t B pr-
xein, t d G pant, per n lhyw, ngkh t G t
B mhden m pant prxein. toto d' dnaton, ste
cedow t poteyn: lhyw ra t ntikemenon. movw d
ka p tn llvn sxhmtvn: sa gr ntistrofn dxe-
tai, ka tn di to duntou sullogismn.
T mn on lla problmata pnta deknutai di
49,3025
deknutai. pokesyv gr t A mhden t B prxein, t
d B elfyv pant tin t G. okon ngkh t A mh-
den m pant t G prxein. toto d' dnaton stv
gr lhyw ka fanern ti pant prxei t G t A st' e toto cedow, ngkh t A tin t B prxein. n
d prw t A lhfy tra prtasiw, ok stai sullo-
gismw. od' tan t nanton t sumpersmati potey,
oon t tin m prxein. fanern on ti t ntikemenon po-
50,3033
Plin pokesyv t A tin t B prxein, el-
fyv d t G pant t A. ngkh on t G tin t B
prxein. toto d' stv dnaton, ste cedow t poteyn.
e d' otvw, lhyw t mhden prxein. movw d ka e
sterhtikn lfyh t G A. e d' prw t B elhptai pr-
tasiw, ok stai sullogismw. n d t nanton potey,
sullogismw mn stai ka t dnaton, o deknutai d t
51,3055
tin prxein potey, o deknutai ti o pant ll' ti
oden. e gr t A tin t B, t d G pant t A, tin
t B t G prjei. e on tot' dnaton, cedow t tin
prxein t B t A, st' lhyw t mhden. totou d
deixyntow prosanairetai t lhyw: t gr A t B tin
mn prxe, tin d' ox prxen. ti odn par tn pye-
sin sumbanei [t] dnaton: cedow gr n eh, eper j
52,3080
t B prxein, elfyv d t G pant prxein t A.
okon e t mn B m pant, t d G pant, o pant
t B t G. toto d' dnaton: stv gr fanern ti pant
t B prxei t G, ste cedow t pokemenon. lhyw
ra t pant prxein. n d t nanton potey, sul-
logismw mn stai ka t dnaton, o mn deknutai t
proteyn. e gr t A mhden t B, t d G pant, oden
53,3096
cedow t poteyn: oden ra t B t A prjei. ti
d' o pant t A t B, pokesyv pant prxein, t
d G mhden. ngkh on t G mhden t B prxein. toto
d' dnaton, st' lhyw t m pant prxein. fanern
on ti pntew o sullogismo gnontai di to msou sx-
matow.
Omovw d ka di to sxtou. kesyv gr t A
54,3102
Omovw d ka di to sxtou. kesyv gr t A
tin t B m prxein, t d G pant: t ra A tin t
G ox prxei. e on tot' dnaton, cedow t tin m
prxein, st' lhyw t pant. n d' potey mhden
prxein, sullogismw mn stai ka t dnaton, o de-
knutai d t proteyn: n gr t nanton potey, tat'
stai per p tn prteron. ll prw t tin prxein
55,3108
stai per p tn prteron. ll prw t tin prxein
ath lhpta pyesiw. e gr t A mhden t B, t d
G tin t B, t A o pant t G. e on toto cedow,
lhyw t A tin t B prxein. ti d' oden t B pr-
xei t A, pokesyv tin prxein, elfyv d ka t G
pant t B prxon. okon ngkh t G tin t A pr-
xein. ll' oden prxen, ste cedow t tin t B pr-
56,3116
deknutai t proteyn, ll prw t m pant prxein
ath lhpta pyesiw. e gr t A pant t B ka t
G pant t B, t A prxei tin t G. toto d ok n,
ste cedow t pant prxein. e d' otvw, lhyw t m
pant. n d' potey tin prxein, tat' stai ka
p tn proeirhmnvn.
Fanern on ti n pasi tow di to duntou sul-
57,3137
d t deiktikw perainmenon ka di to duntou deixyse-
tai, ka t di to duntou deiktikw di tn atn rvn
[ok n tow atow d sxmasin]. tan mn gr sullo-
gismw n t prt sxmati gnhtai, t lhyw stai n
t ms t sxt, t mn sterhtikn n t ms, t
d kathgorikn n t sxt. tan d' n t ms
sullogismw, t lhyw n t prt p pntvn tn
58,3140
gismw n t prt sxmati gnhtai, t lhyw stai n
t ms t sxt, t mn sterhtikn n t ms, t
d kathgorikn n t sxt. tan d' n t ms
sullogismw, t lhyw n t prt p pntvn tn
problhmtvn. tan d' n t sxt sullogismw, t
lhyw n t prt ka t ms, t mn katafatik
n t prt, t d sterhtik n t ms. stv gr dedei-
59,3142
d kathgorikn n t sxt. tan d' n t ms
sullogismw, t lhyw n t prt p pntvn tn
problhmtvn. tan d' n t sxt sullogismw, t
lhyw n t prt ka t ms, t mn katafatik
n t prt, t d sterhtik n t ms. stv gr dedei-
gmnon t A mhden m pant t B di to prtou sx-
matow. okon mn pyesiw n tin t B prxein t A,
60,3264
d ka p to trtou sxmatow. ste fanern saxw te
ka n pooiw sxmasin ndxetai di tn ntikeimnvn pro-
tsevn gensyai sullogismn.
Fanern d ka ti k ceudn mn stin lhyw sullo-
gsasyai, kayper erhtai prteron, k d tn ntikeim-
nvn ok stin: e gr nantow sullogismw gnetai t
prgmati, oon e stin gayn, m enai gayn, e zon,
61,3517
nei t B ka t G, ka enai t G t B polcetai, ka
plin t B t A enai satvw, ste ka t G t A.
sper gr e n lhyw, kay' o t G, t B, ka kay'
o t B, t A, ka kat to G t A lhyw n, otv ka
p to polambnein. movw d ka p to enai: tato
gr ntow to G ka B, ka plin to B ka A, ka t G
t A tatn n: ste ka p to dojzein movw. r' on
62,3719
gr t gla xein. f' t A kein, t B gla xein,
gun f' G. t d' ti o sofo spoudaoi, Pittakw gr
spoudaow, di to sxtou. f' A t spoudaon, f'
B o sofo, f' G Pittakw. lhyw d ka t A ka
t B to G kathgorsai: pln t mn o lgousi di t ed-
nai, t d lambnousin. t d kein, ti xr, di to
msou sxmatow boletai enai: pe gr petai taw kuo-
63,3733
takw gr gayw, ll ka sofw. otv mn on gnontai
sullogismo, pln mn di to prtou sxmatow lu-
tow, n lhyw (kaylou gr stin), d di to sxtou
lsimow, kn lhyw t sumprasma, di t m enai
kaylou mhd prw t prgma tn sullogismn: o gr
e Pittakw spoudaow, di toto ka tow llouw ngkh
sofow. d di to msou sxmatow e ka pntvw l-
64,3739
sofow. d di to msou sxmatow e ka pntvw l-
simow: odpote gr gnetai sullogismw otvw xntvn
tn rvn: o gr e kousa xr, xr d ka de,
kein ngkh tathn. lhyw mn on n pasin prjei tow
shmeoiw, diaforw d' xousi tw erhmnaw.
H d otv diaireton t shmeon, totvn d t mson
tekmrion lhpton (t gr tekmrion t ednai poion fa-
65,3745
tekmrion lhpton (t gr tekmrion t ednai poion fa-
sn enai, toioto d mlista t mson), t mn k tn
krvn shmeon lekton, t d' k to msou tekmrion: ndo-
jtaton gr ka mlista lhyw t di to prtou sx-
matow.
T d fusiognvmonen dunatn stin, e tiw ddvsin ma
metabllein t sma ka tn cuxn sa fusik sti
66,3897
peiston enai.
Enoiw mn on di t den t prta pstasyai o doke
pistmh enai, tow d' enai mn, pntvn mntoi pdeijiw
enai: n odteron ot' lhyw ot' nagkaon. o mn gr
poymenoi m enai lvw pstasyai, otoi ew peiron jio-
sin ngesyai w ok n pistamnouw t stera di t
prtera, n m sti prta, ryw lgontew: dnaton gr
67,3961
t t kaylou.
Kat pantw mn on toto lgv n m p tinw
mn tinw d m, mhd pot mn pot d m, oon e kat
pantw nyrpou zon, e lhyw tnd' epen nyrvpon,
lhyw ka zon, ka e nn yteron, ka yteron, ka e n
ps gramm stigm, satvw. shmeon d: ka gr tw
nstseiw otv fromen w kat pantw rvtmenoi, e p
68,3962
Kat pantw mn on toto lgv n m p tinw
mn tinw d m, mhd pot mn pot d m, oon e kat
pantw nyrpou zon, e lhyw tnd' epen nyrvpon,
lhyw ka zon, ka e nn yteron, ka yteron, ka e n
ps gramm stigm, satvw. shmeon d: ka gr tw
nstseiw otv fromen w kat pantw rvtmenoi, e p
tini m, e pote m.
69,4095
Otan mn on t sumprasma j ngkhw , odn kv-
lei t mson m nagkaon enai di' o dexyh (sti gr
t nagkaon ka m j nagkavn sullogsasyai, sper
ka lhyw m j lhyn): tan d t mson j ngkhw,
ka t sumprasma j ngkhw, sper ka j lhyn lh-
yw e (stv gr t A kat to B j ngkhw, ka toto
kat to G: nagkaon tonun ka t A t G prxein):
70,4265
lomena.) ti t athma ka pyesiw psa w lon w
n mrei, o d' roi odteron totvn.
Edh mn on enai n ti par t poll ok ngkh,
e pdeijiw stai, enai mntoi n kat polln lhyw e-
pen ngkh: o gr stai t kaylou, n m toto : n
d t kaylou m , t mson ok stai, st' od' pdeijiw.
de ra ti n ka t at p pleinvn enai m mnumon.
71,4274
rasma otvw. deknutai d labosi t prton kat to m-
sou, ti lhyw, pofnai d' ok lhyw. t d mson o-
dn diafrei enai ka m enai laben, w d' atvw ka
t trton. e gr dyh, kay' o nyrvpon lhyw epen, e
ka m nyrvpon lhyw, ll' e mnon nyrvpon zon e-
nai, m zon d m, stai [gr] lhyw epen Kallan, e
ka m Kallan, mvw zon, m zon d' o. ation d' ti
72,4276
dn diafrei enai ka m enai laben, w d' atvw ka
t trton. e gr dyh, kay' o nyrvpon lhyw epen, e
ka m nyrvpon lhyw, ll' e mnon nyrvpon zon e-
nai, m zon d m, stai [gr] lhyw epen Kallan, e
ka m Kallan, mvw zon, m zon d' o. ation d' ti
t prton o mnon kat to msou lgetai ll ka kat'
llou di t enai p pleinvn, st' od' e t mson ka
73,4349
naloga. note mn on ok ndxetai sullogsasyai k tn
elhmmnvn, t d' ndxetai, ll' ox rtai.
E d' n
dnaton k cedouw lhyw dejai, =dion n n t na-
lein: ntstrefe gr n j ngkhw. stv gr t A n:
totou d' ntow tad stin, oda ti stin, oon t B. k
totvn ra dejv ti stin keno. ntistrfei d mllon
74,4374
mteron enai note t m ation, st' stai di totou
pdeijiw, oon ti ggw o plnhtew di to m stlbein.
stv f' G plnhtew, f' B t m stlbein, f'
A t ggw enai. lhyw d t B kat to G epen: o
gr plnhtew o stlbousin. ll ka t A kat to B: t
gr m stlbon ggw sti: toto d' elfyv di' pagv-
gw di' asysevw. ngkh on t A t G prxein, st'
75,4784
otvn esn.
Eti e m sti tde tode poithw kkeno totou, mhd
poithtow poithw, dnaton ntikathgoresyai lllvn
otvw, ll' lhyw mn ndxetai epen, ntikathgorsai
d' lhyw ok ndxetai. gr toi w osa kathgorhy-
setai, oon gnow n diafor to kathgoroumnou. tata
d ddeiktai ti ok stai peira, ot' p t ktv ot' p
76,5113
k tw atw sustoixaw lambnonti m t sunexw mson,
oon tn A B t G ka D ka Z, ll ka j traw. oon
stv t A metabllein, t d' f' D kinesyai, t d B
desyai, ka plin t H remzesyai. lhyw on ka t D
to B ka t A to D kathgoren: gr dmenow kinetai
ka t kinomenon metabllei. plin t A to H ka t H
to B lhyw kathgoren: pw gr dmenow remzetai
77,5116
desyai, ka plin t H remzesyai. lhyw on ka t D
to B ka t A to D kathgoren: gr dmenow kinetai
ka t kinomenon metabllei. plin t A to H ka t H
to B lhyw kathgoren: pw gr dmenow remzetai
ka remizmenow metabllei. ste di' trvn msvn ka
ok k tw atw sustoixaw sullogismw. o mn ste mh-
dteron kat mhdetrou lgesyai tn msvn: ngkh gr
78,5165
Tw d' atw rxw pntvn enai tn sullogismn
dnaton, prton mn logikw yevrosin. o mn gr lh-
yew esi tn sullogismn, o d ceudew. ka gr e stin
lhyw k ceudn sullogsasyai, ll' paj toto gnetai,
oon e t A kat to G lhyw, t d mson t B ce-
dow: ote gr t A t B prxei ote t B t G. ll'
n totvn msa lambnhtai tn protsevn, ceudew
79,5221
(lgv gr non rxn pistmhs) od' pistmh napdeiktow:
toto d' stn plhciw tw msou protsevw. lhyw d'
st now ka pistmh ka dja ka t di totvn leg-
menon: ste lepetai djan enai per t lhyw mn ce-
dow, ndexmenon d ka llvw xein. toto d' stn p-
lhciw tw msou protsevw ka m nagkaaw. ka mo-
logomenon d' otv tow fainomnoiw: te gr dja b-
80,5414
gr atsai tn cuxn per riymn enai atn atn ki-
nonta, otvw w t at n. o gr e kolouye t A
t B ka toto t G, stai t G t A t t n enai,
ll' lhyw epen stai mnon: od' e sti t A per ti
ka kat to B kathgoretai pantw. ka gr t z e-
nai kathgoretai kat to nyrp enai (lhyw gr pn
t nyrp enai z enai, sper ka pnta nyrvpon
81,5436
frei d' odn p polln lgvn otv poien: t at
gr stin. (sullgistow mn on ka xrsiw gnetai tow
otv metiosi ka tn ndexomnvn sullogisynai.) t gr
kvlei toto lhyw mn t pn enai kat to nyrpou,
m mntoi t t sti mhd t t n enai dhlon; ti t kv-
lei prosyena ti felen perbebhknai tw osaw;
Tata mn on paretai mn, ndxetai d lsai t
82,5713
p d to protrou ok stin, oon pe tde ggonen, ti
td' steron ggonen: ka p to sesyai satvw. ote
gr orstou oy' risyntow stai to xrnou st' pe tot'
lhyw epen gegonnai, td' lhyw epen gegonnai t
steron. n gr t metaj cedow stai t epen toto,
dh yatrou gegontow. d' atw lgow ka p to so-
mnou, od' pe tde ggone, td' stai. t gr mson
83,5713
p d to protrou ok stin, oon pe tde ggonen, ti
td' steron ggonen: ka p to sesyai satvw. ote
gr orstou oy' risyntow stai to xrnou st' pe tot'
lhyw epen gegonnai, td' lhyw epen gegonnai t
steron. n gr t metaj cedow stai t epen toto,
dh yatrou gegontow. d' atw lgow ka p to so-
mnou, od' pe tde ggone, td' stai. t gr mson
84,5746
e parempesetai di t peiron; o gr stin xmenon
gegonw gegontow, sper lxyh. ll' rjasya ge mvw
ngkh p' msou ka p to nn prtou. movw d
ka p to stai. e gr lhyw epen ti stai t D,
ngkh prteron lhyw epen ti t A stai. totou d'
ation t G: e mn gr t D stai, prteron t G stai:
e d t G stai, prteron t A stai. movw d' peirow
85,5747
gegonw gegontow, sper lxyh. ll' rjasya ge mvw
ngkh p' msou ka p to nn prtou. movw d
ka p to stai. e gr lhyw epen ti stai t D,
ngkh prteron lhyw epen ti t A stai. totou d'
ation t G: e mn gr t D stai, prteron t G stai:
e d t G stai, prteron t A stai. movw d' peirow
tom ka n totoiw: o gr stin smena xmena l-
86,6252
m ka at kinetai. movw d ka Anajagraw cuxn
enai lgei tn kinosan, ka e tiw llow erhken w t pn
knhse now: o mn pantelw g' sper Dhmkritow. kenow
mn gr plw tatn cuxn ka non (t gr lhyw e-
nai t fainmenon, di kalw poisai [tn] Omhron w
Ektvr "ket' llofronvn": o d xrtai t n w dunmei
tin per tn lyeian, ll tat lgei cuxn ka non):
87,6384
gr tn svmtvn a kinseiw atai: d' atw lgow ka
per tn metaj. ti d' pe fanetai kinosa t sma,
tataw elogon kinen tw kinseiw w ka at kinetai.
e d toto, ka ntistrcasin epen lhyw ti n t s-
ma kinetai, tathn ka at. t d sma kinetai for:
ste ka cux metablloi n kat t sma lh
kat mria meyistamnh. e d tot' ndxetai, ka jelyo-
88,7958
pfasiw, ka lhyw ceudw psa: d now o pw,
ll' to t sti kat t t n enai lhyw, ka o t kat
tinow: ll' sper t rn ~to dou lhyw, e d' nyrvpow
t leukn~ m, ok lhyw e, otvw xei sa neu lhw.
T d' at stin kat' nrgeian pistmh t pr-
gmati. d kat dnamin xrn protra n t n, lvw
d od xrn: sti gr j ntelexe& ntow pnta t gi-
89,7998
cux fantsmasin nomasin, sper rn, logzetai ka
bouleetai t mllonta prw t parnta: ka tan ep
w ke t d luphrn, ntaya fegei dikei
ka lvw n prjei. ka t neu d prjevw, t lhyw
ka t cedow, n t at gnei st t gay ka t kak:
ll t ge plw diafrei ka tin. t d n fairsei
legmena sper, e t simn mn simn
90,8028
od juneh, tan te yevr, ngkh ma fntasm ti
yevren: t gr fantsmata sper asymat sti,
pln neu lhw. sti d' fantasa teron fsevw ka
pofsevw: sumplok gr nohmtvn st t lhyw
cedow. t d prta nomata t diosei to m fan-
tsmata enai; od tata fantsmata, ll' ok neu
fantasmtvn.
91,11690
gnesyai gensyai m stin: movw gr ka toto gnhton,
ti ndxetai gensyai. Ena d' e ti lvw dnaton gensyai,
sy' t mn enai t d m. (T d' dnaton lgetai dixw.
H gr t m lhyw enai epen ti gnoit' n, t m
=&dvw mhd tax kalw.)
Tn atn d trpon ka t
genhtn na mn e m n prteron steron stin, ete gin-
92,11755
peiron: ll tot' dnaton.
Arx d' stv nteyen: t
gr dnaton ka t cedow o tat shmanei. Esti d t
dnaton ka dunatn ka cedow ka lhyw t mn
j poysevw (lgv d', oon t trgvnon dnaton do
ryw xein, e tde, ka dimetrow smmetros). Ew-
ti d' plw ka dunat ka dnata ka ceud ka
93,11825
Ar' on e ka gnhton, n d, tot'
ngkh dion enai, movw d ka e fyarton, n d;
(Lgv d t gnhton ka fyarton t kurvw legmena,
gnhton mn sti nn, ka prteron ok lhyw n epen
t m enai, fyarton d nn n steron m lhyw stai
epen m enai).
H e mn tata llloiw kolouye ka
94,11826
ngkh dion enai, movw d ka e fyarton, n d;
(Lgv d t gnhton ka fyarton t kurvw legmena,
gnhton mn sti nn, ka prteron ok lhyw n epen
t m enai, fyarton d nn n steron m lhyw stai
epen m enai).
H e mn tata llloiw kolouye ka
t te gnhton fyarton ka t fyarton gnhton, n-
95,11921
Tn d toiotvn at dnamiw tw ntifsevw, ka
lh ata to enai ka m.
Vst' ngkh ma prxein
nerge& t ntikemena. All mn odn g' lhyw epen nn
ti sti prusin, od prusin ti nn stin. Adnaton ra m
n pote steron dion enai: jei gr steron ka tn to
m enai dnamin, pln o to tte m enai te stin (pr-
96,11927
m enai dnamin, pln o to tte m enai te stin (pr-
xei gr nerge& n), ll to prusin ka n t parel-
ynti xrn. Estv d o xei tn dnamin prxon nerge&:
stai ra lhyw epen nn ti ok sti prusin. All' d-
naton: odema gr dnamiw to gegonnai stn, ll to
enai sesyai. Omovw d ka e prteron n dion steron
m stai: jei gr dnamin o nerge& ok stin. Vst' n y-
97,11931
naton: odema gr dnamiw to gegonnai stn, ll to
enai sesyai. Omovw d ka e prteron n dion steron
m stai: jei gr dnamin o nerge& ok stin. Vst' n y-
men t dunatn, lhyw stai epen nn ti tot' sti prusin
ka lvw n t parelynti xrn.
Ka fusikw d ka m
kaylou skoposin dnaton dion n prteron fyarnai
98,14254
fsei lgetai, t d prw llhla totvn sumplok
katfasiw ggnetai: pasa gr doke katfasiw toi
lhyw ceudw enai, tn d kat mhdeman sum-
plokn legomnvn odn ote lhyw ote cedw stin,
oon nyrvpow, leukn, trxei, nik.
Osa d stin kuritat te ka prtvw ka mli-
sta legomnh, mte kay' pokeimnou tinw lgetai
99,14443
n eh tw osaw t kat tn atw metaboln dektikn
tn nantvn enai, e d tiw ka tata paradxoito, tn
djan ka tn lgon dektik tn nantvn enai. ok sti
d lhyw toto: gr lgow ka dja o t at dxe-
sya ti tn nantvn enai dektik lgetai, ll t per
tern ti t pyow gegensyai: t gr t prgma enai
m enai, tot ka lgow lhyw ceudw enai l-
100,14690
lla. ka sunanaire d tata llhla: m gr ntow
diplasou ok stin misu, ka mseow m ntow ok
sti diplsion: satvw d ka p tn llvn sa
toiata. ok p pntvn d tn prw ti lhyw doke
t ma t fsei enai: t gr pisthtn tw pistmhw
prteron n djeien enai: w gr p t pol pro#par-
xntvn tn pragmtvn tw pistmaw lambnomen: p'
101,14766
per stn rismnvw stin ednai, prw d lgetai ok
nagkaon: tnow gr ath kefal tnow xer ok
stin ednai rismnvw: ste ok n eh tata tn prw ti:
e d m sti tn prw ti, lhyw n eh lgein ti
odema osa tn prw t stin. svw d xalepn per
tn toiotvn sfodrw pofanesyai m pollkiw pe-
skemmnon, t mntoi dihporhknai f' kaston atn ok
102,15124
nvdw n dntaw fusen.
Osa d w katfasiw ka pfasiw ntkeitai, fane-
rn ti kat' odna tn erhmnvn trpvn ntkeitai:
p mnvn gr totvn nagkaon e t mn lhyw t d
cedow atn enai. ote gr p tn nantvn nagkaon
e yteron mn lhyw enai yteron d cedow, ote p tn
prw ti, ote p tw jevw ka stersevw: oon geia
103,15126
rn ti kat' odna tn erhmnvn trpvn ntkeitai:
p mnvn gr totvn nagkaon e t mn lhyw t d
cedow atn enai. ote gr p tn nantvn nagkaon
e yteron mn lhyw enai yteron d cedow, ote p tn
prw ti, ote p tw jevw ka stersevw: oon geia
ka nsow nanta, ka odtern ge ote lhyw ote cedw
stin: satvw d ka t diplsion ka t misu w t prw ti
104,15128
cedow atn enai. ote gr p tn nantvn nagkaon
e yteron mn lhyw enai yteron d cedow, ote p tn
prw ti, ote p tw jevw ka stersevw: oon geia
ka nsow nanta, ka odtern ge ote lhyw ote cedw
stin: satvw d ka t diplsion ka t misu w t prw ti
ntkeitai, ka ok stin atn odteron ote lhyw ote ce-
dow: od ge t kat strhsin ka jin, oon ciw ka
105,15130
prw ti, ote p tw jevw ka stersevw: oon geia
ka nsow nanta, ka odtern ge ote lhyw ote cedw
stin: satvw d ka t diplsion ka t misu w t prw ti
ntkeitai, ka ok stin atn odteron ote lhyw ote ce-
dow: od ge t kat strhsin ka jin, oon ciw ka
tuflthw: lvw d tn kat mhdeman sumplokn legomnvn
odn ote lhyw ote cedw stin: pnta d t erh-
106,15133
ntkeitai, ka ok stin atn odteron ote lhyw ote ce-
dow: od ge t kat strhsin ka jin, oon ciw ka
tuflthw: lvw d tn kat mhdeman sumplokn legomnvn
odn ote lhyw ote cedw stin: pnta d t erh-
mna neu sumplokw lgetai. o mn ll mlista d-
jeien n t toioto sumbanein p tn kat sumplokn nan-
tvn legomnvn, t gr gianein Svkrth t nosen Sv-
107,15138
jeien n t toioto sumbanein p tn kat sumplokn nan-
tvn legomnvn, t gr gianein Svkrth t nosen Sv-
krth nanton stn, ll' od' p totvn nagkaon e
yteron mn lhyw yteron d cedow enai: ntow mn gr
Svkrtouw stai t mn lhyw t d cedow, m ntow d
mftera ceud: ote gr t nosen Svkrth ote t
gianein lhyw ato m ntow lvw to Svkrtouw.
108,15139
tvn legomnvn, t gr gianein Svkrth t nosen Sv-
krth nanton stn, ll' od' p totvn nagkaon e
yteron mn lhyw yteron d cedow enai: ntow mn gr
Svkrtouw stai t mn lhyw t d cedow, m ntow d
mftera ceud: ote gr t nosen Svkrth ote t
gianein lhyw ato m ntow lvw to Svkrtouw.
p d tw stersevw ka tw jevw m ntow ge lvw
109,15141
yteron mn lhyw yteron d cedow enai: ntow mn gr
Svkrtouw stai t mn lhyw t d cedow, m ntow d
mftera ceud: ote gr t nosen Svkrth ote t
gianein lhyw ato m ntow lvw to Svkrtouw.
p d tw stersevw ka tw jevw m ntow ge lvw
odteron lhyw, ntow d ok e yteron lhyw:
t gr cin xein Svkrth t tufln enai Svkrth nt-
110,15146
odteron lhyw, ntow d ok e yteron lhyw:
t gr cin xein Svkrth t tufln enai Svkrth nt-
keitai w strhsiw ka jiw, ka ntow ge ok nag-
kaon yteron lhyw enai cedow, te gr mpv
pfuken xein, mftera ceud, m ntow d lvw to
Svkrtouw ka otv ceud mftera, ka t cin atn
xein ka t tufln enai. p d ge tw katafsevw
111,15153
ka tw pofsevw e, n te n te m , t mn te-
ron stai cedow t d teron lhyw: t gr nosen Svkr-
th ka t m nosen Svkrth, ntow te ato fanern ti
t teron atn lhyw cedow, ka m ntow movw:
t mn gr nosen m ntow cedow, t d m nosen lh-
yw: ste p mnvn totvn dion n eh t e yteron a-
tn lhyw cedow enai, sa w katfasiw ka pfa-
112,15156
t teron atn lhyw cedow, ka m ntow movw:
t mn gr nosen m ntow cedow, t d m nosen lh-
yw: ste p mnvn totvn dion n eh t e yteron a-
tn lhyw cedow enai, sa w katfasiw ka pfa-
siw ntkeitai.
Enanton d stin gay mn j ngkhw kakn, toto d
dlon t kay' kaston pagvg, oon gie& nsow ka dikaiosn
113,16240
sxein o de pnta tow di tn lgvn, ll pollkiw
mllon tow fainomnoiw (nn d' pt' n lein m xvsin,
nagkzontai pisteein tow erhmnois), ka diti pollkiw
t mn p to lgou dedexyai dokon lhyw mn stn, o
mntoi di tathn tn atan di' n fhsin lgow. sti gr
di cedouw lhyw dejai: dlon d' k tn nalutikn.
peprooimiasmnvn d [ka] totvn, lgvmen rjmenoi
114,16242
nagkzontai pisteein tow erhmnois), ka diti pollkiw
t mn p to lgou dedexyai dokon lhyw mn stn, o
mntoi di tathn tn atan di' n fhsin lgow. sti gr
di cedouw lhyw dejai: dlon d' k tn nalutikn.
peprooimiasmnvn d [ka] totvn, lgvmen rjmenoi
prton p tn prtvn, sper erhtai, o safw lego-
mnvn, zhtontew p t safw eren t stin edaimo-
115,17710
seiw. toto d' stai, n elgvw fanhtai t nanta dokonta:
mlista gr mologomenow toiotow stai lgow tow fai-
nomnoiw. sumbanei d mnein tw nantiseiw, n sti w
lhyw t legmenon, sti d' w o. xei d' poran ka p-
teron t d t gayn sti t filomenon. e mn gr filo-
men o piyumomen, ka mlista rvw toioton (oyew gr
"rastw stiw ok e file"),
116,18831
xhmtvn. n mn on tow prteron lxyh t w l-
gow: toto d' stn sper n e tiw n tow per tn trofn
epeien w atrik ka lgow tathw. toto d'
lhyw mn, o safw d. de d sper ka n tow l-
loiw prw t rxon zn, ka prw tn jin kat tn nr-
geian tn to rxontow, oon dolon prw desptou ka ka-
ston prw tn kstou kaykousan rxn. pe d ka n-
117,19811
d' kra ot' painet ot' ry ll cekt. es mn
on ka totvn t plev nnuma, peiraton d', sper
ka p tn llvn, atow nomatopoien safhneaw ne-
ka ka to eparakolouytou. per mn on t lhyw
mn msow lhyw tiw ka mesthw lyeia legsyv,
d prospohsiw mn p t mezon lazonea ka
xvn atn lazn, d' p t latton ervnea ka ervn
118,21118
lttv. sti d totvn kasta ka nek tinow poien ka
mhdenw. kastow d' ow sti, toiata lgei ka prttei
ka otv z, n m tinow neka prtt. kay' at d t
mn cedow falon ka cektn, t d' lhyw kaln ka
painetn. otv d ka mn lhyeutikw msow n paine-
tw, o d ceudmenoi mfteroi mn cekto, mllon d'
lazn. per katrou d' epvmen, prteron d per to lh-
119,21893
xvn pitenei ka nhsin, ka tiw stin row tn mesottvn,
w metaj famen enai tw perbolw ka tw llecevw,
osaw kat tn ryn lgon. sti d t mn epen otvw
lhyw mn, oyn d safw: ka gr n taw llaiw pi-
meleaiw, per saw stn pistmh, tot' lhyw mn epen,
ti ote plev ote lttv de ponen od =&yumen, ll
t msa ka w ryw lgow: toto d mnon xvn n
120,21894
w metaj famen enai tw perbolw ka tw llecevw,
osaw kat tn ryn lgon. sti d t mn epen otvw
lhyw mn, oyn d safw: ka gr n taw llaiw pi-
meleaiw, per saw stn pistmh, tot' lhyw mn epen,
ti ote plev ote lttv de ponen od =&yumen, ll
t msa ka w ryw lgow: toto d mnon xvn n
tiw odn n edeh plon, oon poa de prosfresyai prw
121,22981
tn perboln.
Epe d' o mnon de tlhyw epen ll ka t ation
to cedouw: toto gr sumblletai prw tn pstin:
tan gr elogon fan t di t fanetai lhyw ok n
lhyw, pisteein poie t lhye mllon: ste lekton
di t fanontai a svmatika dona aretterai. prton
mn on d ti kkroei tn lphn: ka di tw perbolw
122,24031
pmenow. t moxyhr mn on diafvne de prttein
ka prttei: d' pieikw, de, tata ka prttei:
pw gr now aretai t bltiston aut, d' pieikw
peiyarxe t n. lhyw d per to spoudaou ka t tn
flvn neka poll prttein ka tw patrdow, kn d
perapoynskein: prosetai gr ka xrmata ka timw
ka lvw t perimxhta gay, peripoiomenow aut t
123,24725
ok n yaumseien e tiw topow faneh tow pollow: otoi
gr krnousi tow ktw, totvn asyanmenoi mnon. sumfv-
nen d tow lgoiw okasin a tn sofn djai. pstin
mn on ka t toiata xei tin, t d' lhyw n tow
praktikow k tn rgvn ka to bou krnetai: n totoiw
gr t krion. skopen d t proeirhmna xr p t rga
ka tn bon frontaw, ka sun&dntvn mn tow rgoiw
124,26940
Aporseie d' n tiw e
t ama mn trof stin, d karda prth ggnetai naimow
osa, [t d' ama trof,] d trof yrayen, pyen eslyen
prth trof; tot' ok lhyw w psa yrayen, ll'
eyw sper n tow tn futn sprmasin nest ti toioton
t fainmenon prton galaktdew, otv ka n t l tn
zvn t perttvma tw sustsevw trof stin.
125,27521
keno, ll dokosin enai tn pragmtvn ok ntew. o gr
k tn rxn tn gevmetrikn gevmetriko, movw d ka
p tn llvn: t d kenn doke mn ena ti, sti d' oyn.
ok lhyw d, ti poll tn m moeidn genomnvn ggne-
tai gnima kayper lxyh prteron. toton mn on tn trpon
ote per tn llvn de zhten ote per tn fusikn: k d
tn parxntvn t gnei t tn ppvn ka t tn nvn
126,30540
fsiw tn ndexomnvn at ti poien, ka t tw fsevw
rgon ggnet' n par fsin. t gr b& par fsin,
b& d fhsi sumbanein tn gnesin tn dntvn. ti mn on
tot' ok lhyw fanern k totvn ka toiotvn llvn.
G-
gnontai d prteron otoi tn platvn, prton mn ti ka t
rgon t totvn prteron (prteron gr sti to lenai t
127,30832
non ka kmnon j gianontow, mikrn k meglou ka
mga k mikro, ka tlla pnta toton tn trpon. E
gr plw stai gnesiw, plw n ti gnoito k m ntow,
st' lhyw n eh lgein ti prxei tis t m n. Tw
mn gr gnesiw k m ntow tinw, oon k m leuko
m kalo, d pl j plw m ntow. T d' plw
toi t prton shmanei kay' ksthn kathgoran to ntow,
128,32272
ginmenon tde met tde ste m dialepein, skepton
pteron sti ti j ngkhw stai, odn, ll pnta nd-
xetai m gensyai. Oti mn gr nia, dlon, ka eyw t
stai ka t mllon teron di toto: mn gr lhyw
epen ti stai, de toto ena pote lhyw ti stn: d
nn lhyw epen ti mllei, odn kvlei m gensyai:
mllvn gr n badzein tiw ok n badseien. Olvw d',
129,32273
pteron sti ti j ngkhw stai, odn, ll pnta nd-
xetai m gensyai. Oti mn gr nia, dlon, ka eyw t
stai ka t mllon teron di toto: mn gr lhyw
epen ti stai, de toto ena pote lhyw ti stn: d
nn lhyw epen ti mllei, odn kvlei m gensyai:
mllvn gr n badzein tiw ok n badseien. Olvw d',
pe ndxetai nia tn ntvn ka m enai, dlon ti ka
130,32274
xetai m gensyai. Oti mn gr nia, dlon, ka eyw t
stai ka t mllon teron di toto: mn gr lhyw
epen ti stai, de toto ena pote lhyw ti stn: d
nn lhyw epen ti mllei, odn kvlei m gensyai:
mllvn gr n badzein tiw ok n badseien. Olvw d',
pe ndxetai nia tn ntvn ka m enai, dlon ti ka
t ginmena otvw jei, ka ok j ngkhw tot' stai.
131,38987
kmisan j Uperborvn ew Dlon, lkainan fainomnhn di
tn tw Hraw fbon. E d' stn xrnow otow tw kusevw
m stin, odn pv sunptai mxri ge to nn, ll' ti
lgetai mnon. Ok lhyw d fanetai n od t legmenon
w paj n t b tktousin o lkoi.
O d' alouroi ka o xnemonew tktousin saper ka
o knew, ka trfontai tow atow: zsi d per th j:
132,44167
pareikzousin nyrpoiw ka kentaroiw taxvw metabl-
lonta. totvn d kastn stin, sper erhtai, pleimma
to n t nerge& asymatow: ka pelyntow to
lhyow nesti, ka lhyw epen ti toioton oon Ko-
rskow, ll' o Korskow. te d syneto, ok lege Kor-
skon t krion ka t pikrnon, ll di toto kenon Ko-
rskon tn lhyinn. d ka asyanmenon lgei toto, n
133,44236
t neu sunysevw ka diairsevw nomati, oon t nyrv-
pow leukn, tan m prostey ti: ote gr cedow
ote lhyw pv. shmeon d' st tode: ka gr tragla-
fow shmanei mn ti, opv d lhyw cedow, n m t
enai m enai prostey plw kat xrnon.
Onoma mn on st fvn shmantik kat sunykhn
neu xrnou, w mhdn mrow st shmantikn kexvri-
134,44399
fsei sesya ti d m fsei t at toto, dlon ti
ngkh lhyeein tn teron atn, e psa katfasiw
lhyw ceudw: mfv gr ox prjei ma p tow
toiotoiw. e gr lhyw epen ti leukn o
leukn stin, ngkh enai leukn o leukn, ka e
sti leukn o leukn, lhyw n fnai pofnai: ka
e m prxei, cedetai, ka e cedetai, ox prxei:
135,44401
lhyw ceudw: mfv gr ox prjei ma p tow
toiotoiw. e gr lhyw epen ti leukn o
leukn stin, ngkh enai leukn o leukn, ka e
sti leukn o leukn, lhyw n fnai pofnai: ka
e m prxei, cedetai, ka e cedetai, ox prxei:
st' ngkh tn katfasin tn pfasin lhy enai.
odn ra ote stin ote ggnetai ote p txhw oy'
136,44409
ta ka ox pter' tuxen ( gr fw lhyeei po-
fs): movw gr n ggneto ok ggneto: t gr pter'
tuxen odn mllon otvw m otvw xei jei. ti e sti
leukn nn, lhyw n epen prteron ti stai leukn, ste e
lhyw n epen tion tn genomnvn ti stai: e d' e
lhyw n epen ti stin stai, ox on te toto m enai
od m sesyai. d m on te m gensyai, dnaton m
137,44410
fs): movw gr n ggneto ok ggneto: t gr pter'
tuxen odn mllon otvw m otvw xei jei. ti e sti
leukn nn, lhyw n epen prteron ti stai leukn, ste e
lhyw n epen tion tn genomnvn ti stai: e d' e
lhyw n epen ti stin stai, ox on te toto m enai
od m sesyai. d m on te m gensyai, dnaton m
gensyai: d dnaton m gensyai, ngkh gensyai: panta
138,44411
tuxen odn mllon otvw m otvw xei jei. ti e sti
leukn nn, lhyw n epen prteron ti stai leukn, ste e
lhyw n epen tion tn genomnvn ti stai: e d' e
lhyw n epen ti stin stai, ox on te toto m enai
od m sesyai. d m on te m gensyai, dnaton m
gensyai: d dnaton m gensyai, ngkh gensyai: panta
on t smena nagkaon gensyai. odn ra pter' tuxen
139,44416
gensyai: d dnaton m gensyai, ngkh gensyai: panta
on t smena nagkaon gensyai. odn ra pter' tuxen
od' p txhw stai: e gr p txhw, ok j ngkhw.
ll mn od' w odtern ge lhyw ndxetai lgein, oon ti
ot' stai ote ok stai. prton mn gr oshw tw kata-
fsevw ceudow pfasiw ok lhyw, ka tathw ceudow
oshw tn katfasin sumbanei m lhy enai. ka prw totoiw,
140,44420
ot' stai ote ok stai. prton mn gr oshw tw kata-
fsevw ceudow pfasiw ok lhyw, ka tathw ceudow
oshw tn katfasin sumbanei m lhy enai. ka prw totoiw,
e lhyw epen ti leukn ka mlan, de mfv prxein, e
d prjein ew arion, prjei ew arion: e d mt' stai
mte m stai arion, ok n eh t pter' tuxen, oon nau-
maxa: doi gr n mte gensyai naumaxan mte m gensyai.
141,44433
n ote pragmateesyai, w n mn tod poisvmen, stai
tod, n d m tod, ok stai. odn gr kvlei ew
muriostn tow tn mn fnai tot' sesyai tn d m f-
nai, ste j ngkhw sesyai pteron atn lhyw n
epen tte. ll mn od toto diafrei, e tinew epon
tn ntfasin m epon: dlon gr ti otvw xei t
prgmata, kn m mn katafs d pofs: o gr
142,44442
t xrn otvw exen ste t teron lhyeesyai, nagkaon
n toto gensyai, ka kaston tn genomnvn e otvw xein
ste j ngkhw gensyai: te gr lhyw ep tiw ti
stai, ox on te m gensyai: ka t genmenon lhyw n
epen e ti stai.
E d tata dnata, rmen gr ti stin rx
tn somnvn ka p to bouleesyai ka p to prja
143,44474
sa otvw xei ste pter' tuxe ka t nanta ndxesyai,
ngkh movw xein ka tn ntfasin: per sumbanei p
tow m e osin m e m osin: totvn gr ngkh mn
yteron mrion tw ntifsevw lhyw enai cedow, o
mntoi tde tde ll' pter' tuxen, ka mllon mn
lhy tn tran, o mntoi dh lhy ceud. ste dlon
ti ok ngkh pshw katafsevw ka pofsevw tn nti-
144,44541
pw stn nyrvpow o dkaiow odew stin nyrvpow dkaiow,
t d sti tiw dkaiow nyrvpow ntikeimnh ti o pw
stn nyrvpow o dkaiow: ngkh gr ena tina. fanern d
ti ka p mn tn kay' kaston, e lhyw rvthynta po-
fsai, ti ka katafsai lhyw, oon r ge Svkrthw
sofw; o: Svkrthw ra o sofw. p d tn kaylou ok
lhyw movw legomnh, lhyw d pfasiw, oon: r
145,44590
pteron tde stn nyrvpow o toto.
Epe d t mn kathgoretai suntiymena, w n t
pn kathgrhma tn xvrw kathgoroumnvn, t d o, tw
diafor; kat gr to nyrpou lhyw epen ka xvrw
zon ka xvrw dpoun, ka w n, ka nyrvpon ka
leukn, ka tay' w n: ll' ox, e skutew ka gayw,
ka skutew gayw. e gr, ti kteron, ka t sun-
146,44595
leukn, ka tay' w n: ll' ox, e skutew ka gayw,
ka skutew gayw. e gr, ti kteron, ka t sun-
mfv, poll ka topa stai. kat gr to nyr-
pou ka t nyrvpow lhyw ka t leukn, ste ka t
pan: plin e t leukn, ka t pan, ste stai n-
yrvpow leukw leukw, ka toto ew peiron: ka plin
mousikw leukw badzvn, ka tata pollkiw peplegmna.
147,44608
kat to ato yteron kat yatrou, tata ok stai
n: oon nyrvpow leukw sti ka mousikw, ll' ox n t
leukn ka t mousikn: sumbebhkta gr mfv t at.
od' e t leukn mousikn lhyw epen, mvw ok stai t
mousikn leukn n ti: kat sumbebhkw gr t mousikn leu-
kn, ste ok stai t leukn mousikn. di od' skutew
plw gayw, ll zon dpoun: o gr kat sumbebh-
148,44614
plw gayw, ll zon dpoun: o gr kat sumbebh-
kw. ti od' sa nuprxei n t tr: di ote t leukn
pollkiw ote nyrvpow nyrvpow zon dpoun: nup-
rxei gr n t nyrp t dpoun ka t zon. lhyw
d' stn epen kat to tinw ka plw, oon tn tin
nyrvpon nyrvpon tn tin leukn nyrvpon leukn:
ok e d, ll' tan mn n t proskeimn tn ntikei-
149,44618
d' stn epen kat to tinw ka plw, oon tn tin
nyrvpon nyrvpon tn tin leukn nyrvpon leukn:
ok e d, ll' tan mn n t proskeimn tn ntikei-
mnvn ti nuprx ow petai ntfasiw, ok lhyw ll
cedow, oon tn teyneta nyrvpon nyrvpon epen, tan
d m nuprx, lhyw. tan mn nuprx, e ok
lhyw, tan d m nuprx, ok e lhyw: sper Omhrw
150,44627
ll' o kay' at, kathgoretai kat to Omrou t stin.
st' n saiw kathgoraiw mte nantithw nestin, n lgoi
nt' nomtvn lgvntai, ka kay' at kathgortai ka
m kat sumbebhkw, p totvn t t ka plw lhyw
stai epen. t d m n, ti dojastn, ok lhyw epen n
ti: dja gr ato ok stin ti stin, ll' ti ok stin.
Totvn d divrismnvn skepton pvw xousin a po-
151,44628
st' n saiw kathgoraiw mte nantithw nestin, n lgoi
nt' nomtvn lgvntai, ka kay' at kathgortai ka
m kat sumbebhkw, p totvn t t ka plw lhyw
stai epen. t d m n, ti dojastn, ok lhyw epen n
ti: dja gr ato ok stin ti stin, ll' ti ok stin.
Totvn d divrismnvn skepton pvw xousin a po-
fseiw ka katafseiw prw lllaw a to dunatn enai
152,44640
m nyrvpon, ka to enai leukn nyrvpon t m enai leu-
kn nyrvpon, ll' o t enai m leukn nyrvpon, e gr
kat pantw katfasiw pfasiw, t jlon stai
lhyw epen enai m leukn nyrvpon: e d otvw,
ka soiw t enai m prostyetai, t at poisei t nt
to enai legmenon, oon to nyrvpow badzei o t ok n-
yrvpow badzei pfasiw, ll t o badzei nyrvpow:
153,44733
yw , okti stai kena lhy: ma gr dunatn enai ka
m enai: e d' ngkh enai m enai, ok stai dunatn
mfv. lepetai tonun t ok nagkaon m enai kolouyen
t dunatn enai: toto gr lhyw ka kat to nagkaon
enai. ka gr ath ggnetai ntfasiw t pomn t o duna-
t enai: ken gr kolouye t dnaton enai ka nag-
kaon m enai, o pfasiw t ok nagkaon m enai. ko-
154,44757
toto mn totou xrin erhtai, ti o psa dnamiw tn nti-
keimnvn, od' sai lgontai kat t at edow, niai d
dunmeiw mnumo esin: t gr dunatn ox plw lgetai,
ll t mn ti lhyw w nerge& n, oon dunatn
badzein ti badzei, ka lvw dunatn enai ti dh sti
kat' nrgeian lgetai dunatn, t d ti nergseien
n, oon dunatn badzein ti badseien n. ka ath mn
155,44762
kat' nrgeian lgetai dunatn, t d ti nergseien
n, oon dunatn badzein ti badseien n. ka ath mn
p tow kinhtow st mnoiw dnamiw, kenh d ka p
tow kintoiw: mfv d lhyw epen t m dnaton enai
badzein enai, ka t badzon dh ka nergon ka t ba-
distikn. t mn on otv dunatn ok lhyw kat to nag-
kaou plw epen, yteron d lhyw. ste, pe t n m-
156,44764
p tow kinhtow st mnoiw dnamiw, kenh d ka p
tow kintoiw: mfv d lhyw epen t m dnaton enai
badzein enai, ka t badzon dh ka nergon ka t ba-
distikn. t mn on otv dunatn ok lhyw kat to nag-
kaou plw epen, yteron d lhyw. ste, pe t n m-
rei t kaylou petai, t j ngkhw nti petai t dna-
syai enai, o mntoi pn. ka sti d rx svw t nag-
157,45327
atw lgow ka p tw tomw, e tom stigmw ka
tom pteta tinow ka p stereo ka pipdou: sa-
tvw d ka t steren j pipdvn ka grammn. ok
lhyw d kat stigmn epen, od' ti lxiston tn k
grammw ew t lxiston tn nuparxntvn erhtai.
t d lxiston, n stn lxiston, ka lattn stin.
n d t gramm odn llo stigma ka gramma nu-
158,45353
sei t lxiston, pe t m n n t ok& m sti tn
n t ok& lxiston. movw d ka p tn llvn.
ndxetai gr stigmn atn kay' atn enai. ok stai
kat tathw lhyw epen ti t n gramm lxiston,
ti ok stin stigm ryron diareton. t mn gr r-
yron e duon row, d stigm ka miw grammw row
stn. ti mn praw, t d diaresw sti mllon. ti
159,50763
(tn gr atn mjw sti ka xvrisms), mvw e tiw ko-
louyseie sundiaryrn boletai lgein, svw n faneh
kainoprepestrvw lgvn. te gr oyn n pokekrimnon,
dlon w oyn n lhyw epen kat tw osaw kenhw,
lgv d' oon ti ote leukn ote mlan fain llo xrma, ll' xrvn n j ngkhw: exe gr n ti to-
tvn tn xrvmtvn: movw d ka xumon t at
lg tot, od llo tn movn oyn: ote gr poin ti
160,51038
lesyai tn filosofan pistmhn tw lhyeaw. yevrhtikw
mn gr tlow lyeia praktikw d' rgon: ka gr n
t pw xei skopsin, o t dion ll' prw ti ka nn
yevrosin o praktiko. ok smen d t lhyw neu tw
ataw: kaston d mlista at tn llvn kay' ka
tow lloiw prxei t sunnumon (oon t pr yermtaton:
ka gr tow lloiw t ation toto tw yermthtos): ste
161,51265
totvn, potra kurivtra ka protra pfuken atn; ka-
ylou gr mlista ka pntvn rxa t jimat stin,
e t' st m to filosfou, tnow stai per atn llou t
yevrsai t lhyw ka cedow; lvw te tn osin p-
teron ma pasn stn pleouw pistmai; e mn on m
ma, poaw osaw yeton tn pistmhn tathn; t d man
pasn ok elogon: ka gr n podeiktik ma per pn-
162,51885
llon. n d tiw toto did, stai pdeijiw: dh gr ti
stai rismnon. ll' atiow ox podeiknw ll' po-
mnvn: nairn gr lgon pomnei lgon. ti d toto
sugxvrsaw sugkexrhk ti lhyw enai xvrw pode-
jevw [ste ok n pn otvw ka ox otvw xoi]. prton
mn on dlon w tot g' at lhyw, ti shmanei t
noma t enai m enai tod, st' ok n pn otvw ka
163,51921
shmanei t enai n, t w lpion ka mtion, e lgow
ew: e d stai n, n shmane t nyrp enai ka m
nyrp. ll' ddeikto ti teron shmanei. ngkh to-
nun, e t stin lhyw epen ti nyrvpow, zon enai d-
poun (toto gr n smaine t nyrvpos): e d' ngkh
toto, ok ndxetai m enai t at zon dpoun (toto
gr shmanei t ngkh enai, t dnaton enai m enai
164,51925
poun (toto gr n smaine t nyrvpos): e d' ngkh
toto, ok ndxetai m enai t at zon dpoun (toto
gr shmanei t ngkh enai, t dnaton enai m enai
[nyrvpon]): ok ra ndxetai ma lhyw enai epen t
at nyrvpon enai ka m enai nyrvpon. d' atw
lgow ka p to m enai nyrvpon: t gr nyrp
enai ka t m nyrp enai teron shmanei, eper ka
165,51938
prostiy rvtntow plw ka tw pofseiw, ok pokr-
netai t rvtmenon. oyn gr kvlei enai t at ka
nyrvpon ka leukn ka lla mura t plyow: ll'
mvw romnou e lhyw epen nyrvpon toto enai o,
pokriton t n shmanon ka o prosyeton ti ka leu-
kn ka mga. ka gr dnaton peir g' nta t
sumbebhkta dielyen: on panta dielytv mhyn.
166,52000
mllon ato. e on kkenh prxei, prjei ka
tw trirouw: e d' ath, ka katfasiw. tat te on
sumbanei tow lgousi tn lgon toton, ka ti ok ngkh
fnai pofnai. e gr lhyw ti nyrvpow ka
ok nyrvpow, dlon ti ka ot' nyrvpow ot' ok n-
yrvpow stai: ton gr duon do pofseiw, e d ma
j mfon kenh, ka ath ma n eh ntikeimnh. ti
167,52015
gvw ok n, ka ath bebaa dja, ka e t m enai
bbain ti ka gnrimon, gnvrimvtra n eh f-
siw ntikeimnh: e d movw ka sa pofsai f-
nai, ngkh toi lhyw diaironta lgein, oon ti
leukn ka plin ti o leukn, o. ka e mn
m lhyw diaironta lgein, o lgei te tata ka
ok stin oyn (t d m nta pw n fygjaito
168,52017
siw ntikeimnh: e d movw ka sa pofsai f-
nai, ngkh toi lhyw diaironta lgein, oon ti
leukn ka plin ti o leukn, o. ka e mn
m lhyw diaironta lgein, o lgei te tata ka
ok stin oyn (t d m nta pw n fygjaito
badseien;), ka pnta d' n eh n, sper ka prteron
erhtai, ka tatn stai ka nyrvpow ka yew ka tri-
169,52022
badseien;), ka pnta d' n eh n, sper ka prteron
erhtai, ka tatn stai ka nyrvpow ka yew ka tri-
rhw ka a ntifseiw atn (e gr movw kay' kstou,
odn diosei teron trou: e gr diosei, tot' stai lhyw
ka dion): movw d ka e diaironta ndxetai lhyeein,
sumbanei t lexyn, prw d tot ti pntew n lh-
yeoien ka pntew n cedointo, ka atw atn mo-
170,52039
lhyeei, t n eh t legmenon ti toiath tn ntvn
fsiw; e d m lhyeei, ll mllon lhyeei ke-
nvw polambnvn, dh pvw xoi n t nta, ka tot'
lhyw n eh, ka ox ma ka ok lhyw. e d movw
pantew ka cedontai ka lhy lgousin, ote fygja-
syai ot' epen t toiot stai: ma gr tat te ka
o tata lgei. e d mhyn polambnei ll' movw
171,52069
t do rtia ka t tra, od' movw diceustai t
tttara pnte omenow ka xlia. e on m movw,
dlon ti terow tton, ste mllon lhyeei. e on t
mllon ggteron, eh ge n ti lhyw o ggteron t
mllon lhyw. kn e m stin, ll' dh g ti sti be-
baiteron ka lhyinteron, ka to lgou phllagm-
noi n ehmen to krtou ka kvlontw ti t diano&
172,52108
ka llhn tin osan enai tn ntvn ote knhsiw pr-
xei ote fyor ote gnesiw t parpan. moivw d ka
per t fainmena lyeia noiw k tn asyhtn l-
luyen. t mn gr lhyw o plyei krnesyai oontai
proskein od ligthti, t d' at tow mn gluk geuo-
mnoiw doken enai tow d pikrn, st' e pntew kamnon
pntew parefrnoun, do d' trew gainon non exon,
173,52118
tat kat tn asyhsin e doken. poa on totvn lhy
ceud, dhlon: oyn gr mllon tde tde lhy,
ll' movw. di Dhmkritw g fhsin toi oyn enai
lhyw mn g' dhlon. lvw d di t polambnein
frnhsin mn tn asyhsin, tathn d' enai llovsin, t
fainmenon kat tn asyhsin j ngkhw lhyw ena
fasin: k totvn gr ka Empedoklw ka Dhmkritow
174,52120
ll' movw. di Dhmkritw g fhsin toi oyn enai
lhyw mn g' dhlon. lvw d di t polambnein
frnhsin mn tn asyhsin, tathn d' enai llovsin, t
fainmenon kat tn asyhsin j ngkhw lhyw ena
fasin: k totvn gr ka Empedoklw ka Dhmkritow
ka tn llvn w pow epen kastow toiataiw djaiw
gegnhntai noxoi. ka gr Empedoklw metabllontaw
175,52140
ka tow parafronontaw ll' o tat. dlon on ti, e
mfterai fronseiw, ka t nta ma otv te ka ox
otvw xei. ka xaleptaton t sumbann stin: e
gr o mlista t ndexmenon lhyw vraktes otoi
d' esn o mlista zhtontew at ka filontes otoi toi-
ataw xousi tw djaw ka tata pofanontai per
tw lhyeaw, pw ok jion yumsai tow filosofen
176,52248
t d gesei m, ka tn fyalmn duon ntoin m
tat katr& t cei, n sin nmoiai: pe prw ge
tow di tw plai erhmnaw ataw t fainmenon f-
skontaw lhyw enai, ka di toto pny' movw enai
ceud ka lhy: ote gr pasi tat fanesyai ote
tat e tat, ll pollkiw tnanta kat tn a-
tn xrnon ( mn gr f do lgei n t palljei
177,52256
kat t at asysei ka satvw ka n t at
xrn, ste tot' n eh lhyw. ll' svw di tot'
ngkh lgein tow m di' poran ll lgou xrin
lgousin, ti ok stin lhyw toto ll tot lhyw.
ka sper d prteron erhtai, ngkh prw ti poien
panta ka prw djan ka asyhsin, st' ote ggonen ot'
stai oyn mhyenw prodojsantow. e d ggonen stai,
178,52278
p mfv yteron mn p yteron d plw.
All mn od metaj ntifsevw ndxetai enai
oyn, ll' ngkh fnai pofnai n kay' nw tion.
dlon d prton mn risamnoiw t t lhyw ka cedow.
t mn gr lgein t n m enai t m n enai ce-
dow, t d t n enai ka t m n m enai lhyw, ste
ka lgvn enai m lhyesei cesetai: ll'
179,52318
pnta ceud: tan gr mixy, ote gayn ote ok gayn t mgma, st' odn epen lhyw.
Divrismnvn d totvn fanern ti ka t monaxw
legmena ka kat pntvn dnaton prxein sper
tinw lgousin, o mn oyn fskontew lhyw enai (oyn
gr kvlein fasn otvw panta enai sper t tn
dimetron smmetron enai), o d pnt' lhy. sxedn
gr otoi o lgoi o ato t Hrakletou: gr lgvn
180,52331
yper lxyh ka n tow pnv lgoiw, ox ena ti m
enai ll shmanein ti, ste j rismo dialekton la-
bntaw t shmanei t cedow t lhyw. e d mhyn
llo t lhyw fnai <> pofnai cedw stin, d-
naton pnta ceud enai: ngkh gr tw ntifsevw
yteron enai mrion lhyw. ti e pn fnai po-
fnai nagkaon, dnaton mftera ceud enai: y-
181,52678
gianei, od t nyrvpow badzvn stn tmnvn to n-
yrvpow badzei tmnei, movw d ka p tn llvn.
ti t enai shmanei ka t stin ti lhyw, t d m enai
ti ok lhyw ll cedow, movw p katafsevw ka
pofsevw, oon ti sti Svkrthw mousikw, ti lhyw
toto, ti sti Svkrthw o leukw, ti lhyw: t d' ok
stin dimetrow smmetrow, ti cedow. ti t enai sh-
182,52679
yrvpow badzei tmnei, movw d ka p tn llvn.
ti t enai shmanei ka t stin ti lhyw, t d m enai
ti ok lhyw ll cedow, movw p katafsevw ka
pofsevw, oon ti sti Svkrthw mousikw, ti lhyw
toto, ti sti Svkrthw o leukw, ti lhyw: t d' ok
stin dimetrow smmetrow, ti cedow. ti t enai sh-
manei ka t n t mn dunmei =htn t d' ntelexe&
183,52715
tr d toto ka tot kteron kenvn, ka gr t n-
yrp t mousik ka nyrvpow ka t mousikn tat
lgetai, ka totoiw keno (di ka pnta tata kaylou
o lgetai: o gr lhyw epen ti pw nyrvpow tat
ka t mousikn: t gr kaylou kay' at prxei, t
d sumbebhkta o kay' at: ll' p tn kay' kasta
plw lgetai: tat gr doke Svkrthw ka Svkrthw
184,52860
gr j ngkhw t m kaysyai cedow. t mn on duna-
tn na mn trpon, sper erhtai, t m j ngkhw ce-
dow shmanei, na d t lhyw [enai], na d t ndex-
menon lhyw enai. kat metaforn d n gevmetr&
lgetai dnamiw. tata mn on t dunat o kat dna-
min: t d legmena kat dnamin pnta lgetai prw
tn prthn [man]: ath d' stn rx metabolw n ll
185,52966
t te gr dianohtn shmanei ti stin ato dinoia, ok
sti d' dinoia prw toto o st dinoia (dw gr tatn
erhmnon n eh), movw d ka tinw stin ciw ciw, ox
o stn ciw (katoi g' lhyw toto epen) ll prw
xrma prw llo ti toioton. kenvw d dw t at
lexysetai, ti stn o stn ciw. t mn on kay'
aut legmena prw ti t mn otv lgetai, t d n t
186,53228
kontow krettvn t xvlanein t mimesyai lgvn, pe
e ge xvlw kn, xervn svw, sper p to youw, ka
otow.
Sumbebhkw lgetai prxei mn tini ka lhyw
epen, o mntoi ot' j ngkhw ote p t pol, oon
e tiw rttvn fut byron ere yhsaurn. toto tonun sum-
bebhkw t rttonti tn byron, t eren yhsaurn: ote
187,53407
toiath, pteron w ew lhn w ew t o neka w ew
t kinsan, mlista skepton.
Per mn on to kat sumbebhkw ntow fesyv
(diristai gr kans): t d w lhyw n, ka m n w
cedow, peid par snyesn sti ka diaresin, t d sn-
olon per merismn ntifsevw (t mn gr lhyw tn
katfasin p t sugkeimn xei tn d' pfasin p
188,53409
Per mn on to kat sumbebhkw ntow fesyv
(diristai gr kans): t d w lhyw n, ka m n w
cedow, peid par snyesn sti ka diaresin, t d sn-
olon per merismn ntifsevw (t mn gr lhyw tn
katfasin p t sugkeimn xei tn d' pfasin p
t dirhmn, t d cedow totou to merismo tn ntfa-
sin: pw d t ma t xvrw noen sumbanei, llow
189,53414
t dirhmn, t d cedow totou to merismo tn ntfa-
sin: pw d t ma t xvrw noen sumbanei, llow
lgow, lgv d t ma ka t xvrw ste m t fejw
ll' n ti ggnesyai): o gr sti t cedow ka t lhyw
n tow prgmasin, oon t mn gayn lhyw t d ka-
kn eyw cedow, ll' n diano&, per d t pl ka
t t stin od' n diano&: sa mn on de yevrsai per
190,53415
sin: pw d t ma t xvrw noen sumbanei, llow
lgow, lgv d t ma ka t xvrw ste m t fejw
ll' n ti ggnesyai): o gr sti t cedow ka t lhyw
n tow prgmasin, oon t mn gayn lhyw t d ka-
kn eyw cedow, ll' n diano&, per d t pl ka
t t stin od' n diano&: sa mn on de yevrsai per
t otvw n ka m n, steron piskepton: pe d sum-
191,53690
sti, t t n enai pstasyai, ste ka kat tn kyesin
ngkh n ti enai mfv (t d kat sumbebhkw leg-
menon, oon t mousikn leukn, di t dittn shmanein
ok lhyw epen w tat t t n enai ka at: ka
gr sumbbhke leukn ka t sumbebhkw, st' sti
mn w tatn, sti d w o tat t t n enai ka at:
t mn gr nyrp ka t leuk nyrp o tat, t
192,54276
oon n terow gnhtai toiotow, dlon ti liow stai: koi-
nw ra lgow: ll' n tn kay' kasta liow, sper
Klvn Svkrthw: pe di t odew ron kfrei atn
daw; gnoito gr n dlon peirvmnvn ti lhyw t
nn erhmnon.
Fanern d ti ka tn dokousn enai osin a ple-
stai dunmeiw es, t te mria tn zvn (oyn gr ke-
193,54775
ge&. tn gr m ntvn nia dunmei stn: ok sti d,
ti ok ntelexe& stn.
E d sti t erhmnon t dunatn kolouye, fanern
ti ok ndxetai lhyw enai t epen ti dunatn mn
tod, ok stai d, ste t dnata enai tat diafe-
gein: lgv d oon e tiw fah dunatn tn dimetron
metrhynai o mntoi metrhysesyai m logizmenow t
194,55060
riymn).
Epe d t n lgetai ka t m n t mn kat
t sxmata tn kathgorin, t d kat dnamin nr-
geian totvn tnanta, t d [kuritata n] lhyw
cedow, toto d' p tn pragmtvn st t sugkesyai
dirsyai, ste lhyeei mn t dirhmnon omenow di-
rsyai ka t sugkemenon sugkesyai, ceustai d nan-
195,55064
cedow, toto d' p tn pragmtvn st t sugkesyai
dirsyai, ste lhyeei mn t dirhmnon omenow di-
rsyai ka t sugkemenon sugkesyai, ceustai d nan-
tvw xvn t prgmata, pt' stin ok sti t lhyw
legmenon cedow; toto gr skepton t lgomen. o
gr di t mw oesyai lhyw se leukn enai e s
leukw, ll di t s enai leukn mew o fntew toto
196,55075
enai: per mn on t ndexmena at ggnetai ceudw
ka lhyw dja ka lgow atw, ka ndxetai t
mn lhyeein t d cedesyai: per d t dnata l-
lvw xein o ggnetai t mn lhyw t d cedow, ll'
e tat lhy ka ceud. per d d t snyeta t
t enai m enai ka t lhyw ka t cedow; o gr
sti snyeton, ste enai mn tan sugkhtai, m enai d
197,55077
mn lhyeein t d cedesyai: per d t dnata l-
lvw xein o ggnetai t mn lhyw t d cedow, ll'
e tat lhy ka ceud. per d d t snyeta t
t enai m enai ka t lhyw ka t cedow; o gr
sti snyeton, ste enai mn tan sugkhtai, m enai d
n dirhmnon , sper t leukn jlon t smmetron
tn dimetron: od t lhyw ka t cedow movw ti pr-
198,55080
t enai m enai ka t lhyw ka t cedow; o gr
sti snyeton, ste enai mn tan sugkhtai, m enai d
n dirhmnon , sper t leukn jlon t smmetron
tn dimetron: od t lhyw ka t cedow movw ti pr-
jei ka p' kenvn. sper od t lhyw p totvn t
at, otvw od t enai, ll' sti t mn lhyw cedow,
t mn yigen ka fnai lhyw (o gr tat katfasiw
199,55081
sti snyeton, ste enai mn tan sugkhtai, m enai d
n dirhmnon , sper t leukn jlon t smmetron
tn dimetron: od t lhyw ka t cedow movw ti pr-
jei ka p' kenvn. sper od t lhyw p totvn t
at, otvw od t enai, ll' sti t mn lhyw cedow,
t mn yigen ka fnai lhyw (o gr tat katfasiw
ka fsis), t d' gnoen m yiggnein (pathynai gr
200,55082
n dirhmnon , sper t leukn jlon t smmetron
tn dimetron: od t lhyw ka t cedow movw ti pr-
jei ka p' kenvn. sper od t lhyw p totvn t
at, otvw od t enai, ll' sti t mn lhyw cedow,
t mn yigen ka fnai lhyw (o gr tat katfasiw
ka fsis), t d' gnoen m yiggnein (pathynai gr
per t t stin ok stin ll' kat sumbebhkw: movw
201,55095
t stin m): t d enai w t lhyw, ka t m
enai t w t cedow, n mn stin, e sgkeitai, lhyw, t
d' e m sgkeitai, cedow: t d n, eper n, otvw stn,
e d m otvw, ok stin: t d lhyw t noen tata: t
d cedow ok stin, od pth, ll gnoia, ox oa
tuflthw: mn gr tuflthw stn w n e t nohtikn
lvw m xoi tiw. fanern d ka ti per tn kintvn
202,55725
osan d' enai pnta t nta cedow. ti d tow tn pr-
thn rxn t n lgousi ka tot' osan, k d to nw ka
tw lhw tn riymn gennsi prton ka toton osan
fskousin enai, pw ndxetai t legmenon lhyw enai;
tn gr duda ka tn loipn kaston riymn tn sun-
ytvn pw n de nosai; per totou gr ote lgousin odn
ote =dion epen. e ge mn grammw t totvn xmena
203,55920
enai n at, ka ew tod kinesyai ka ggnesyai n tot,
t d kat tn ntfasin m sunalhyeesyai kat' atow.
ka e kat t posn sunexw t dero =e ka kinetai,
ka tiw toto yeh kaper ok lhyw n, di t kat t poin
o mene; fanontai gr ox kista t kat tw ntif-
seiw tato kathgoren k to t posn peilhfnai m m-
nein p tn svmtvn, di ka enai tetrphxu t at
204,56066
tn trpon p peperasmnou xrnou to p to nn mxri
arion fairoumnou xrnou jei pot ew t prxon, st'
pe tot' stin, pant' j ngkhw t met toto gensetai,
ste pnta j ngkhw ggnesyai. t d' w lhyw n ka
kat sumbebhkw t mn stin n sumplok dianoaw
ka pyow n tat (di per mn t otvw n o zh-
tontai a rxa, per d t jv n ka xvristn): t d' ok
205,56259
m tde odams), dnaton t m n kinesyai (e d
toto, ka tn gnesin knhsin enai: ggnetai gr t
m n: e gr ka ti mlista kat sumbebhkw ggne-
tai, ll' mvw lhyw epen ti prxei t m n kat
to gignomnou pls): movw d ka t remen. tat
te d sumbanei dusxer, ka e pn t kinomenon n tp,
t d m n ok stin n tp: eh gr n po. od d
206,56943
lhyow ka to evytow polambnesyai, e tiw ysei
otvw enai t mayhmatik w kexvrismnaw tinw fseiw.
ngkh gr di t mn otvw enai atw protraw enai
tn asyhtn megeyn, kat t lhyw d straw: t
gr telw mgeyow gensei mn prtern sti, t os& d'
steron, oon cuxon mcxou. ti tni ka pt' stai n
t mayhmatik megyh; t mn gr ntaya cux
207,56992
pistmai, ox kinomena d ll' smata mnon, ka
plin ppeda mnon ka mkh mnon, ka diairet
ka diareta xonta d ysin ka diareta mnon,
st' pe plw lgein lhyw m mnon t xvrist enai
ll ka t m xvrist (oon kinomena enai), ka t
mayhmatik ti stin plw lhyw epen, ka toiat
ge oa lgousin. ka sper ka tw llaw pistmaw plw
208,56994
ka diareta xonta d ysin ka diareta mnon,
st' pe plw lgein lhyw m mnon t xvrist enai
ll ka t m xvrist (oon kinomena enai), ka t
mayhmatik ti stin plw lhyw epen, ka toiat
ge oa lgousin. ka sper ka tw llaw pistmaw plw
lhyw epen totou enai, ox to sumbebhktow (oon ti
leuko, e t gieinn leukn, d' stin gieino) ll' kenou
209,56996
ll ka t m xvrist (oon kinomena enai), ka t
mayhmatik ti stin plw lhyw epen, ka toiat
ge oa lgousin. ka sper ka tw llaw pistmaw plw
lhyw epen totou enai, ox to sumbebhktow (oon ti
leuko, e t gieinn leukn, d' stin gieino) ll' kenou
o stn ksth, e <> gieinn gieino, e d' nyrvpow
nyrpou, otv ka tn gevmetran: ok e sumbbhken asyht
210,57670
pistmhn enai kaylou psan, ste nagkaon enai ka
tw tn ntvn rxw kaylou enai ka m osaw kexv-
rismnaw, xei mn mlist' poran tn lexyntvn, o mn
ll sti mn w lhyw t legmenon, sti d' w ok lh-
yw. gr pistmh, sper ka t pstasyai, dittn, n
t mn dunmei t d nerge&. mn on dnamiw w lh
[to] kaylou osa ka ristow to kaylou ka orstou stn,
211,58001
kestt tot' at prton ox w gayn prxei, t
atarkew ka svthra. ll mn o di' llo ti fyar-
ton diti e xei, od' atarkew, ste t mn fnai tn
rxn toiathn enai elogon lhyw enai, t mntoi ta-
thn enai t n, e m toto, stoixen ge ka stoixeon
riymn, dnaton. sumbanei gr poll dusxreia n
nioi fegontew peirkasin, o t n mn mologontew r-
212,68773
t leuk d' enai m stin per n (od gr sumbebhk-
nai at on te t n: odn gr n ox per n), ok ra
n t leukn: ox otv d sper ti m n, ll' lvw m
n. t ra per n ok n: lhyw gr epen ti leukn,
toto d ok n smainen. ste ka t leukn shmanei
per n: plev ra shmanei t n. o tonun od mgeyow
jei t n, eper per n t n: katr gr teron t e-
213,68803
nioi d' ndosan tow lgoiw mfotroiw, t mn ti pnta
n, e t n n shmanei, ti sti t m n, t d k tw
dixotomaw, toma poisantew megyh. fanern d ka ti
ok lhyw w, e n shmanei t n ka m on te ma
tn ntfasin, ok stai oyn m n: oyn gr kvlei, m
plw enai, ll m n ti enai t m n. t d d f-
nai, par' at t n e m ti stai llo, n pnta se-
214,71547
m leukn: t d' plw m tde odams), dnaton [gr]
t m n kinesyai (e d toto, ka tn gnesin knhsin e-
nai: ggnetai gr t m n: e gr ka ti mlista kat
sumbebhkw ggnetai, ll' mvw lhyw epen ti prxei
t m n kat to gignomnou pls) movw d ka t re-
men. tat te d sumbanei dusxer [t kinesyai t m
n] ka e pn t kinomenon n tp, t d m n ok stin
215,72523
n kenou tin, dnaton tte kat ti enai prton t kino-
menon. t gr remen stin t n t at enai xrnon tin
ka at ka tn mern kaston. otvw gr lgomen re-
men, tan n ll ka ll tn nn lhyw epen ti
n t at ka at ka t mrh. e d tot' sti t re-
men, ok ndxetai t metabllon kat ti enai lon kat
tn prton xrnon: gr xrnow diairetw paw, ste n
216,72527
n t at ka at ka t mrh. e d tot' sti t re-
men, ok ndxetai t metabllon kat ti enai lon kat
tn prton xrnon: gr xrnow diairetw paw, ste n
ll ka ll ato mrei lhyw stai epen ti n tat
stin ka at ka t mrh. e gr m otvw ll' n n
mn tn nn, ok stai xrnon odna kat ti, ll kat
t praw to xrnou. n d t nn stin mn e kat ti mn
217,72532
mn tn nn, ok stai xrnon odna kat ti, ll kat
t praw to xrnou. n d t nn stin mn e kat ti mn
n, o mntoi reme: ote gr kinesyai ot' remen stin n
t nn, ll m kinesyai mn lhyw n t nn ka enai
kat ti, n xrn d' ok ndxetai enai kat ti remon:
sumbanei gr t fermenon remen.
Znvn d paralogzetai: e gr ae, fhsn, re-
218,74011
ka to rvtn e n peperasmn xrn ndxetai peira
diejelyen, punynhtai p' ato to xrnou tata (xei
gr xrnow perouw diairseis), okti kan stai ath
lsiw, ll t lhyw lekton, per epomen n tow
rti lgoiw. n gr tiw tn sunex diair ew do msh,
otow t n shme w dus xrtai: poie gr at r-
xn ka teleutn. otv d poie te riymn ka ew
219,74039
prgmati e to strou pyouw stn. xrnow f' AGB,
prgma f' D. toto n mn t A xrn leukn, n d
t B o leukn: n t ra G leukn ka o leukn. n ton
gr to A leukn lhyw epen, e pnta tn xrnon toton
n leukn, ka n t B o leukn: t d G n mfon.
ok ra doton n pant, ll pln to teleutaou nn f' o
t G: toto d' dh to strou. ka e ggneto o leukn ka
220,74044
ok ra doton n pant, ll pln to teleutaou nn f' o
t G: toto d' dh to strou. ka e ggneto o leukn ka
fyereto leukn n t A pant, ggonen fyartai n
t G. ste leukn m leukn n ken prton lhyw
epen, te ggonen ok stai, ka te fyartai stai,
ma leukn ka o leukn ka lvw n ka m n ngkh
enai. e d' n prteron m n, ngkh ggnesyai n,
221,74385
xntvn n t diano& llo ti, o n t shmea skop.
sa mn on tn shmevn mnim sti, mnimon n ti ka
shmanoi: sa d piginmen te ka poleponta, pw
n t shmeon lhyw eh to n t diano& m mnontow; e
mn gr mnimon piginmenn te ka polepon shmen
tiw polboi, ndxoito mn n at lhyw enai, o mn
pieikw n eh, m e t prgmati parepmenon. sa
222,74387
shmanoi: sa d piginmen te ka poleponta, pw
n t shmeon lhyw eh to n t diano& m mnontow; e
mn gr mnimon piginmenn te ka polepon shmen
tiw polboi, ndxoito mn n at lhyw enai, o mn
pieikw n eh, m e t prgmati parepmenon. sa
d paymata gginmena t cux mhdn ti ndiallt-
tei t shmea t n t smati, ow xrtai fusiogn-
223,76557
toud ntow tod ginomnou gnhtai, e t steron stin,
ka t prteron enai gnesyai: toto d sti cedow. di
de, n t prton cedow, llo d totou ntow ngkh enai
gensyai , prosyenai: di gr t toto ednai lhyw
n paralogzetai mn cux ka t prton w n. par-
deigma d totou t k tn Nptrvn. proairesya te de
dnata ekta mllon dunat pyana: tow te lgouw
224,79631
fyerein di krdow, tte tn k tn grammtvn yerapean
zhtsaien n mllon. ll mn esgonta g' f' autow
o atro kmnontew llouw atrow ka o paidotrbai gu-
mnazmenoi paidotrbaw, w o dunmenoi krnein t lhyw
di t krnein per te okevn ka n pyei ntew. ste dlon
ti t dkaion zhtontew t mson zhtosin: gr nmow t
mson. ti kuriteroi ka per kurivtrvn tn kat grm-
225,80150
Loipn d' stn mn per te tw nomazomnhw politeaw
epen ka per turanndow. tjamen d' otvw ok osan ote
tathn parkbasin ote tw rti =hyesaw ristokrataw, ti
t mn lhyw psai dihmartkasi tw ryotthw poli-
teaw, peita katariymontai met totvn es t' atn
atai parekbseiw sper n tow kat' rxn epomen. teleu-
taon d per turanndow elogn sti poisasyai mnean
226,80424
tn tw ristokratikw boulomnvn poien politeaw, o
mnon n t pleon nmein tow eproiw, ll ka n t
parakroesyai tn dmon. ngkh gr xrn pot k tn
ceudn gayn lhyw sumbnai kakn: a gr pleone-
jai tn plousvn pollasi mllon tn politean a
to dmou.
Esti d' sa profsevw xrin n taw politeaiw sof-
227,93295
ren, k tnvn ka pw gnetai sullogismw, otow ka n-
yumhmatikw n eh mlista, proslabn per po t sti
t nymhma ka tnaw xei diaforw prw tow logikow
sullogismow. t te gr lhyw ka t moion t lhye
tw atw sti dunmevw den, ma d ka o nyrvpoi
prw t lhyw pefkasin kanw ka t plev tugx-
nousi tw lhyeaw: di prw t ndoja stoxastikw xein
228,93297
t nymhma ka tnaw xei diaforw prw tow logikow
sullogismow. t te gr lhyw ka t moion t lhye
tw atw sti dunmevw den, ma d ka o nyrvpoi
prw t lhyw pefkasin kanw ka t plev tugx-
nousi tw lhyeaw: di prw t ndoja stoxastikw xein
to movw xontow ka prw tn lyein stin.
ti mn on t jv to prgmatow o lloi texnologosi,
229,93378
ka xarontew, filontew ka misontew: prw ka mnon
peirsya famen pragmateesyai tow nn texnologontaw.
per mn on totvn dhlvysetai kay' kaston, tan per tn
payn lgvmen, di d to lgou pisteousin, tan lhyw
fainmenon dejvmen k tn per kasta piyann.
pe
d' a psteiw di totvn es, fanern ti tataw st laben
230,93484
t kay' kaston prw t kaylou de, oon e tiw epeien
shmeon enai ti o sofo dkaioi, Svkrthw gr sofw
n ka dkaiow. toto mn on shmeon, lutn d, kn
lhyw t erhmnon (sullgiston gr), t d, oon e
tiw epeien shmeon ti nose, purttei gr, ttoken, ti
gla xei, nagkaon. per tn shmevn tekmrion mnon
stn: mnon gr, n lhyw , lutn stin. t d w t
231,93487
lhyw t erhmnon (sullgiston gr), t d, oon e
tiw epeien shmeon ti nose, purttei gr, ttoken, ti
gla xei, nagkaon. per tn shmevn tekmrion mnon
stn: mnon gr, n lhyw , lutn stin. t d w t
kaylou prw t kat mrow xon, oon e tiw epeien ti
purttei shmeon enai, puknn gr napne. lutn d ka
toto, kn lhyw : ndxetai gr ka m purttonta
232,93490
stn: mnon gr, n lhyw , lutn stin. t d w t
kaylou prw t kat mrow xon, oon e tiw epeien ti
purttei shmeon enai, puknn gr napne. lutn d ka
toto, kn lhyw : ndxetai gr ka m purttonta
pneustin.
t mn on ekw sti ka t shmeon ka
tekmrion, ka t diafrousin, erhtai mn ka nn, ml-
233,94783
on riston, d d nomoyetsai, ngkh plw epen,
ste kn daktlion xvn prhtai tn xera patj,
kat mn tn gegrammnon nmon noxw sti ka dike,
kat d t lhyw ok dike, ka t pieikw tot stin.
e d st t erhmnon t pieikw, fanern po sti t
pieik ka ok pieik, ka pooi ok pieikew nyrvpoi:
f' ow te gr de suggnmhn xein, pieik tata, ka t t
234,95717
satvw: ka gr ntaya mllon luposin o neploutoi
rxontew di tn ploton o rxaiploutoi. movw d ka
p tn llvn. ation d' ti o mn dokosi t atn xein
o d' o: t gr e otv fainmenon xein lhyw doke, ste
o teroi o t atn xein. ka pe kaston tn gayn o
to tuxntow jion, ll tiw stin naloga ka ti rmtton,
oon plvn kllow o t dika rmttei ll t ndre,
235,95945
tai katrvn, fairontew tn perboln, ka ote sfdra
yarrontew (yrasthw gr t toioton) ote lan fobomenoi,
kalw d prw mfv xontew, ote psi pisteontew ote
psin pistontew, ll kat t lhyw krnontew mllon,
ka ote prw t kaln zntew mnon ote prw t sumfron
ll prw mfv, ka ote prw feid ote prw svtan
ll prw t rmtton, movw d ka prw yumn ka prw
236,96630
llow k tn dokontvn mn ggnesyai pstvn d, ti
ok n dojan, e m n ggw n. ka ti mllon: gr
t nta t ekta polambnousin: e on piston ka
m ekw, lhyw n eh: o gr di ge t ekw ka piyann
doke otvw: oon Androklw legen Pityew kathgorn
to nmou, pe yorbhsan at epnti, "dontai o
nmoi nmou to diorysontow, ka gr o xyew lw,
237,96812
sti d t mn ekw, t d ox plw ll' sper erhtai:
ka t tn ttv d lgon krettv poien tot' stin. ka
nteyen dikavw dusxrainon o nyrvpoi t Prvtagrou
pggelma: cedw te gr stin, ka ok lhyw ll fain-
menon ekw, ka n odemi txn ll' <> n =htorik ka
ristik.
Ka per mn nyumhmtvn, ka tn ntvn ka tn faino-
238,97292
t d' ekarvw m ekarvw xrsyai koinn pn-
tvn tn edn stin. kow d' p ps perbol t yru-
lomenon: de gr atn at prosepiplttein: doke gr
lhyw enai, pe o lanynei ge poie tn lgonta. ti
tow nlogon m psin ma xrsasyai (otv gr klpte-
tai kroats): lgv d oon n t nmata sklhr ,
m ka t fvn ka t prosp [ka] tow rmttousin:
239,97611
keimnvw lexy, tosot edokime mllon. t d' ation
ti myhsiw di mn t ntikesyai mllon, di d t
n lg ytton gnetai. de d' e prosenai [] t prw
n lgetai [] ryw lgesyai, e t legmenon lhyw ka
m piplaion : stin gr tata xvrw xein, oon "po-
ynskein de mhyn martnonta" [ll' ok steon], "tn
jan de gamen tn jion", ll' ok steon, ll' <> n
240,98469
t noma t diafron. dei d ka toto, kayper ka t
prgma tatn, e mllei legxow sullogismw se-
syai, oon e lpion, m mtion sullogsasyai ll l-
pion. lhyw mn gr kkeno, ll' o sullelgistai, ll'
ti rvtmatow de e tatn shmanei, prw tn zhtonta
t di t.
O d par t sumbebhkw risyntow to sullogi-
241,98726
dialektikw, d toto fainomnvw poin sofistikw, ka
sullogismw ristikw ka sofistikw stin ew mn fai-
nmenow sullogistikw per n dialektik peirastik sti,
kn lhyw t sumprasma (to gr di t pathtikw
sti), ka soi m ntew kat tn kstou myodon para-
logismo dokosin enai kat tn txnhn. t gr ceudo-
grafmata ok ristik (kat gr t p tn txnhn o
242,99083
tvn lhyw, sper jios tinew. odn gr toto diafrei
e reto, Korskow ka Kallaw pteron okoi esn ok
okoi, ete parntvn mfon ete m parntvn: mfot-
rvw gr pleouw a protseiw: o gr e lhyw epen, di
toto ma rthsiw. gxvre gr ka mura tera rvth-
ynta rvtmata plw "na" "o" lhyw enai lgein:
ll' mvw ok pokriton mi pokrsei: nairetai gr t
243,99085
okoi, ete parntvn mfon ete m parntvn: mfot-
rvw gr pleouw a protseiw: o gr e lhyw epen, di
toto ma rthsiw. gxvre gr ka mura tera rvth-
ynta rvtmata plw "na" "o" lhyw enai lgein:
ll' mvw ok pokriton mi pokrsei: nairetai gr t
dialgesyai. toto d' moion w e ka t at noma teyeh
tow troiw. e on m de prw do rvtseiw man pkri-
244,99134
o diristai tow pollos) n ow on dhlon potrvw evye
lgesyai t proteinmenon, pteron w a gnmai (kalosi
gr gnmaw ka tw lhyew djaw ka tw law pofn-
seis) w " dimetrow smmetrw sti", o t lhyw mfi-
dojetai, mlista metafrvn n tiw lanynoi t nmata
per totvn. di mn gr t dhlon enai potrvw xei t-
lhyw, o djei sofzesyai, di d t mfidojen o d-
245,99151
mnou sullogismo par' ti fanetai tn rvthmtvn di-
ryvsiw, ste sumbanei tn lgvn tow mn sullelogismnouw
nelnta, tow d fainomnouw dielnta lein. plin d' pe
tn sullelogismnvn lgvn o mn lhyw o d cedow
xousi t sumprasma, tow mn kat t sumprasma
ceudew dixw ndxetai lein: ka gr t nelen ti tn
rvthmnvn ka t dejai t sumprasma xon ox otvw:
246,99158
tow d kat tw protseiw t nelen ti mnon: t gr
sumprasma lhyw. ste tow boulomnoiw lein lgon
prton mn skepton e sullelgistai sullgistow, eta
pteron lhyw t sumprasma cedow, pvw diairon-
tew nairontew lvmen, ka nairontew de de, kay-
per lxyh prteron. diafrei d pleston rvtmenn
te ka m lein lgon: t mn gr proden xalepn, t
247,99212
d kako spoudaa pistmh: spoudaon ra myhma t
kakn. ll mn ka kakn ka myhma t kakn, ste
kakn myhma t kakn. ll' sti kakn spoudaa pi-
stmh." "r' lhyw epen nn ti s ggonaw; ggonaw ra
nn." llo shmanei diaireyn; lhyw gr epen nn ti
s ggonaw, ll' o "nn ggonas". "r' w dnasai ka
dnasai, otvw ka tata poisaiw n; o kiyarzvn d'
248,99213
kakn. ll mn ka kakn ka myhma t kakn, ste
kakn myhma t kakn. ll' sti kakn spoudaa pi-
stmh." "r' lhyw epen nn ti s ggonaw; ggonaw ra
nn." llo shmanei diaireyn; lhyw gr epen nn ti
s ggonaw, ll' o "nn ggonas". "r' w dnasai ka
dnasai, otvw ka tata poisaiw n; o kiyarzvn d'
xeiw dnamin to kiyarzein: kiyarsaiw n ra o kiyar-
249,99362
par tat lgvn tn atn enai diryvsin. ath d' ok
stai, n tiw m p to ednai ll' p to enai pvw xein
t at jvma lambn, oon "e de st patr, sti d
ss": e gr p' nvn tot' stin lhyw ka ndxetai t at
ednai ka gnoen, ll' ntaya odn koinvne t lexyn.
odn d kvlei tn atn lgon pleouw moxyhraw xein,
ll' ox pshw moxyhraw mfnisiw lsiw stn: g-
250,99383
oden.
Omovw d' martnousi ka o lontew ti paw
riymw lgow, sper ow epomen: e gr, m sumperai-
nomnou, toto paralipntew lhyw sumpepernyai fas
(pnta gr enai ka poln ka lgon), martnousin.
Enioi d ka t ditt lousi tow sullogismow, oon
ti sw sti patr uw dolow. katoi fanern w e
251,99513
kat pleinvn. ka stin w prxei mftera mfot-
roiw, sti d' w ox prxei plin, ste tot' elabhton:
oon n tosde tow lgoiw: "e t mn stin gayn t d ka-
kn, ti tata lhyw epen gayn ka kakn, ka p-
lin mt' gayn mte kakn (ok sti gr kteron k-
teron), ste tat gayn ka kakn ka ot' gayn ote
kakn", ka "e kaston at at tat ka llou teron,
252,99842
sevw odn pv dlon n, w oiken. topon d ka t m
pelyen at porsai di t fyalmw r mnon,
tn d' llvn odn n ow mfanetai t edvla. t mn
on tn cin enai datow lhyw mn, o mntoi sumba-
nei t rn dvr ll' diafanw: ka p to -
row koinn stin. ll' efulaktteron ka epilhtteron t
dvr to row: diper krh ka t mma datw stin.
253,100208
d kay' atw deai tn smn esin, oon a tn nyn:
odn gr mllon od' tton prw tn trofn parakalosin,
od sumbllontai prw piyuman odn, ll tonanton
mllon: lhyw gr per Eripdhn skptvn epe Strttiw,
"tan fakn chte, m 'pixen mron." o d nn meignn-
tew ew t pmata tw toiataw dunmeiw bizontai t
sunhye& tn donn, vw n k d' asysevn gnhtai t
254,101475
ka t t fsei nv fermenon pur: trton d' tan p
to sumbebhktow, oon t kaymenon t mousikn Svkr-
tei: pnta gr tata t n riym boletai shmanein.
ti d' lhyw t nn =hyn stin, k tn metaballntvn
tw proshgoraw mlist' n tiw katamyoi: pollkiw gr,
pitssontew nmati kalsai tin tn kayhmnvn, meta-
bllomen tan tx m suniew tn prstajin poio-
255,101914
gr p ka m kaylou p mnvn ndxetai tn sum-
bebhktvn. p mn gr to rou ka to dou ka to gnouw
nagkaon ntistrfein. oon e prxei tin z pez d-
podi enai, ntistrcanti lhyw stai lgein ti zon pezn
dpoun stn. movw d ka p to gnouw: e gr z p-
rxei tin enai, zn stin. t d' at ka p to dou: e
gr prxei tin grammatikw dektik enai, grammatikw
256,101970
mhdteron totvn poi, topow fanetai m tiyew.
Allow t lgouw poien to te sumbebhktow ka
sumbbhken, mfotrvn kay' kteron to trou, eta
skopen e ti m lhyw n tow lgoiw w lhyw elhptai.
oon e sti yen diken, t t diken; e gr t blptein
kousvw, dlon w ok sti yen dikesyai: o gr ndxetai
blptesyai tn yen. ka e fyonerw spoudaow, tw
257,101970
mhdteron totvn poi, topow fanetai m tiyew.
Allow t lgouw poien to te sumbebhktow ka
sumbbhken, mfotrvn kay' kteron to trou, eta
skopen e ti m lhyw n tow lgoiw w lhyw elhptai.
oon e sti yen diken, t t diken; e gr t blptein
kousvw, dlon w ok sti yen dikesyai: o gr ndxetai
blptesyai tn yen. ka e fyonerw spoudaow, tw
258,101978
fainomn eprag& tn pieikn tinow, dlon ti spou-
daow o fyonerw: falow gr n eh. ka e nemeshti-
kw fyonerw, tw kterow atn; otv gr katafanw
stai pteron lhyw cedow t =hyn: oon e fyonerw
mn lupomenow p taw tn gayn epragaiw, neme-
shtikw d' lupomenow p taw tn kakn epragaiw,
dlon ti ok n eh fyonerw nemeshtikw. lambnein
259,102885
doke gr noiw frnhsiw ret te ka pistmh enai
ka odteron tn genn p' odetrou perixesyai. o mn
p pntvn ge sugxvretai tn frnhsin pistmhn enai. e
d' on tiw sugxvroh t legmenon lhyw enai, ll t
ge p' llhla p tat mfv ggnesyai t to ato
gnh tn nagkavn djeien n enai, kayper ka p tw
retw ka tw pistmhw sumbanei: mfv gr p t
260,102985
tai, st' od' riymw. ti e prteron fsei t edow ka
sunanaire t gnow: doke gr t nanton. ti e ndxe-
tai polipen t erhmnon gnow tn diaforn, oon cuxn
t kinesyai djan t lhyw ka cedow, ok n eh tn
erhmnvn odteron gnow od diafor: doke gr t gnow
ka diafor parakolouyen, vw n t edow.
Skopen d ka e t n t gnei kemenon metxei tinw
261,103101
per p to diplasou ka pollaplasou: kteron gr tn
prw ti. e d t gnow tn prw ti, ok ngkh ka t edow:
mn gr pistmh tn prw ti, d grammatik o. ( od
t prteron =hyn lhyw n djeien enai: gr ret per ka-
ln ka per gayn, ka mn ret tn prw ti, t d'
gayn ka t kaln o tn prw ti ll poi.)
Plin e m prw tat lgetai t edow kay' at
262,103276
Enote d diamartnousi ka t pyow ew gnow t pe-
ponyw tiyntew, oon soi tn yanasan zvn din fasin
enai: pyow gr ti zvw smptvma yanasa oiken
enai. ti d' lhyw t legmenon, dlon n gnoito e tiw
sugxvrseien k ynhto tina ynaton gnesyai: odew gr
fsei tran atn zvn lambnein, ll smptvm ti
pyow at tat paragnesyai. st' o gnow zv
263,103641
gr stai kalw kemenon t dion. pan gr t asyhtn
jv ginmenon tw asysevw dhlon gnetai: fanw gr
stin e ti prxei, di t t asysei mnon gnvrzesyai.
stai d' lhyw toto p tn m j ngkhw e parakolou-
yontvn. oon pe ymenow lou dion stron fermenon
pr gw t lamprtaton toiot kxrhtai n t d, t
pr gw fresyai, t asysei gnvrzetai, ok n eh
264,104188
t dion, eh n kat toto kalw kemenon t dion.
TOPIKVN Z
Tw d per tow rouw pragmateaw mrh pnte stin:
gr ti lvw ok lhyw epen, kay' o tonoma, ka
tn lgon (de gr tn to nyrpou rismn kat pantw
nyrpou lhyeesyai), ti ntow gnouw ok yhken ew t
gnow, ok ew t okeon gnow yhken (de gr tn rizmenon
265,104201
kalw d' ristai.
E mn on m lhyeetai, kay' o tonoma, ka
lgow, k tn prw t sumbebhkw tpvn piskepton: ka
gr ke: pteron lhyw ok lhyw psa skciw
gnetai. tan mn gr ti prxei t sumbebhkw dia-
legmeya, ti lhyw lgomen: tan d' ti ox prxei,
ti ok lhyw. e d m n t oke gnei yhken, e m
266,104201
kalw d' ristai.
E mn on m lhyeetai, kay' o tonoma, ka
lgow, k tn prw t sumbebhkw tpvn piskepton: ka
gr ke: pteron lhyw ok lhyw psa skciw
gnetai. tan mn gr ti prxei t sumbebhkw dia-
legmeya, ti lhyw lgomen: tan d' ti ox prxei,
ti ok lhyw. e d m n t oke gnei yhken, e m
267,104203
lgow, k tn prw t sumbebhkw tpvn piskepton: ka
gr ke: pteron lhyw ok lhyw psa skciw
gnetai. tan mn gr ti prxei t sumbebhkw dia-
legmeya, ti lhyw lgomen: tan d' ti ox prxei,
ti ok lhyw. e d m n t oke gnei yhken, e m
diow podoyew lgow, k tn prw t gnow ka t dion
=hyntvn tpvn piskepton.
268,104729
Skopen d ka e gnesw sti prw poddvken,
nrgeia: odn gr tn toiotvn tlow: mllon gr t n-
hrghknai ka gegensyai tlow t gnesyai ka n-
ergen. ( ok p pntvn lhyw t toioton: sxedn gr o
plestoi desyai mllon bolontai pepasyai dme-
noi, ste t nergen mllon tlow n poionto to n-
hrghknai.)
269,105047
mhdamw tde met tode. oon e lgetai teron mey' t-
rou w n tini tat dektik, kayper dikaiosnh ka
ndrea n cux, n tp t at n xrn t at,
mhdamw d' lhyw t erhmnon p totvn, dlon ti ode-
nw n eh podoyew rismw, peid odamw tde met
tod stin. e d tn diaireyntvn lhyw t n tat xrn
kteron prxein, skopen e ndxetai m prw tatn
270,105049
ndrea n cux, n tp t at n xrn t at,
mhdamw d' lhyw t erhmnon p totvn, dlon ti ode-
nw n eh podoyew rismw, peid odamw tde met
tod stin. e d tn diaireyntvn lhyw t n tat xrn
kteron prxein, skopen e ndxetai m prw tatn
lgesyai kteron. oon e tn ndrean rsato tlman met
dianoaw ryw: ndxetai gr tlman mn xein to po-
271,105568
t m proorn n t loip p tnow ox otvw: n d m
tiy, paitomenow nstasin o m x podonai. es d toi-
atai tn protsevn a p t mn ceudew p t d' lhyew:
p totvn gr sti felnta t loipn lhyw kata-
lipen. n d' p polln protenontow m fr nstasin,
jivton tiynai: dialektik gr sti prtasiw prw n o-
tvw p polln xousan m stin nstasiw.
272,105582
nai, st' o gnetai tow rvtsin bolontai.
De d protenein sa p polln mn otvw xei, n-
stasiw d lvw m stin m pipolw t suniden: m
dunmenoi gr sunorn f' n ox otvw, w lhyw n ti-
yasin.
O de d t sumprasma rthma poien: e d m,
nanesantow o doke gegonnai sullogismw. pollkiw gr
273,105667
ton pistn. e mn on de m xalepteron t prblhma
poien, yeton: e d di gnvrimvtrvn sullogzesyai, o
yeton. t mn manynonti o yeton, n m gnvrimteron
: t d gumnazomn yeton, n lhyw mnon fanhtai.
ste fanern ti ox movw rvtnt te ka didskonti
jivton tiynai.
Pw mn on rvthmatzein ka tttein de, sxedn
274,105846
ken dokontvn to lgou ginomnou mllon stai pepeismnow
felhmnow. de d tn kalw metabibzonta dialekti-
kw ka m ristikw metabibzein, kayper tn gevm-
trhn gevmetrikw, n te cedow n t' lhyw t sumperai-
nmenon: pooi d dialektiko sullogismo, prteron e-
rhtai. pe d falow koinvnw mpodzvn t koinn r-
gon, dlon ti ka n lg. koinn gr ti ka n totoiw
275,105899
smnou xervn, tan mn j eyvn sumperanhtai m
toiotou to problmatow ntow, d prosdhtai toiotvn
stin ndoja ka lhy, ka m n tow proslambanom-
noiw lgow. tow d di ceudn lhyw sumperainom-
noiw o dkaion pitimn: cedow mn gr e ngkh di
ceudn sullogzesyai, t d' lhyw sti ka di ceu-
dn pote sullogzesyai. fanern d' k tn Analutikn.
276,105901
stin ndoja ka lhy, ka m n tow proslambanom-
noiw lgow. tow d di ceudn lhyw sumperainom-
noiw o dkaion pitimn: cedow mn gr e ngkh di
ceudn sullogzesyai, t d' lhyw sti ka di ceu-
dn pote sullogzesyai. fanern d' k tn Analutikn.
Otan d' pdeijiw tinow erhmnow lgow, e t
stin llo prw t sumprasma mhdamw xon, ok stai
277,105939
sumperanhtai, m mntoi kat tn okean myodon. toto
d' stn, tan m n atrikw dok atrikw enai, gevme-
trikw m n gevmetrikw, dialektikw m n dialekti-
kw, n te cedow n t' lhyw t sumbanon. llon d
trpon n di ceudn sumperanhtai. totou d' stai pot
mn t sumprasma cedow, pot d' lhyw: t mn gr
cedow e di ceudn peranetai, t d' lhyw gxvre
278,105942
kw, n te cedow n t' lhyw t sumbanon. llon d
trpon n di ceudn sumperanhtai. totou d' stai pot
mn t sumprasma cedow, pot d' lhyw: t mn gr
cedow e di ceudn peranetai, t d' lhyw gxvre
ka m j lhyn, sper erhtai ka prteron.
T mn on ceud tn lgon enai to lgontow mr-
thma mllon to lgou, ka od to lgontow e, ll'
279,105950
podexmeya mllon, n j ti mlista dokontvn nair
ti tn lhyn. toiotow gr n trvn lhyn pdeijw
stin: de gr tn keimnvn ti m enai pantelw, st' stai
totou pdeijiw. e d' lhyw sumperanoito di ceudn ka
lan eyvn, polln n eh xervn cedow sullogizom-
nvn: eh d' n toiotow ka cedow sumperainmenow: ste
dlon ti prth mn pskeciw lgou kay' atn e sum-
280,105954
lan eyvn, polln n eh xervn cedow sullogizom-
nvn: eh d' n toiotow ka cedow sumperainmenow: ste
dlon ti prth mn pskeciw lgou kay' atn e sum-
peranetai, deutra d pteron lhyw cedow, trth d'
k povn tinn. e mn gr k ceudn ndjvn d, logikw:
e d' j ntvn mn djvn d, falow: e d ka ceud
ka lan doja, dlon ti falow plw to pr-
Copyright 1999 Giovanni Ferrero